CBTC (Communication Based Train Control) systems are known as comprehensive, integrated and intelligent control systems for rail systems including mainline railways, light rails and underground lines in cities. With the development of modern data communication, computer and control techniques, CBTC represents the future direction of rail control systems. At present, CBTC has been used in light ...

Class AB differential amplifiers using composite BiCMOS and bipolar transistors are introduced. Their utilization for the implementation of low voltage (+-1.65V) operational amplifiers with high slew rate and rail to rail common mode input voltage range is discussed.

When rails are laid in a railway track, small gaps are left between the ends of adjoining rails to allow for the expansion of the rails when the temperature rises. Rail joints are provided to form a continuous rail path which are normally laid in standard lengths bolted together by fishplates. When two rail joints are exactly opposing each other, they are called square (side by side) joints...

Recently, the number of studies involving complex network applications in transportation has increased steadily as scholars from various fields analyze traffic networks. Nonetheless, research on rail network growth is relatively rare. This research examines the evolution of the Public Urban Rail Transit Networks of Kuala Lumpur (PURTNoKL) based on complex network theory and covers both the topo...

Five new species of recently extinct rails from two Macaronesian archipelagoes (Madeira and Azores) are described. All the species are smaller in size than their presumed ancestor, the European rail Rallus aquaticus. Two species inhabited the Madeira archipelago: (1) Rallus lowei n. sp., the stouter of the species described herein, was a flightless rail with a robust tarsometatarsus and reduced...

We present a novel floating-gate ultra lowvoltage (ULV) analog multiplicator with tunable linear range. Rail to rail operation is provided in the symmetric analog “gates” presented which are utilized in the ULV analog multiplier described in this paper.

The California black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) and Virginia rail (Rallus limicola) are cryptic species of marsh birds that often coexist in the same wetland sites. The black rail is currently listed as threatened in California. Little is known about the diet of either bird species and their interactions due to their secretive nature. It has been suggested that black and Virgini...

Rail irregularity is one of the most effective factors in train derailment. theste irregularities have generally random distribution that are assumed to be stationary random and ergodic processes in space, with Gaussian amplitude probabiliy densities and zero mean values. The quality of irregularities, their distribution along the rails and wagon speed are the main factors for train derailment ...

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