Rails (family Rallidae) are vulnerable to the impacts of invasive mammals, and this is particularly true for species on oceanic islands. The endemic Galápagos rail (Laterallus spilonotus) is no exception; previous studies suggested that Galápagos rail populations were heavily impacted due to predation by pigs (Sus scrofa) and habitat degradation by goats (Capra hircus). Following recent conserv...

This study evaluates rail transit benefits based on a comprehensive analysis of transportation system performance in major U.S. cities. It finds that cities with large, wellestablished rail systems have significantly higher per capita transit ridership, lower average per capita vehicle ownership and annual mileage, less traffic congestion, lower traffic death rates, lower consumer expenditures ...

In this paper design for 1 volt rail to rail supply voltage output of operational amplifier with common mode feedback amplifier has been presented. The circuit has been simulated using BSIM4 model with 50nm CMOS process. The simulation results show that output voltages for the modified operational amplifier are swinging from 10mV to 990mV i.e. between the rail to rail supply voltages (0 to 1V)....

− A universal and robust circuit technique to maintain a constant transconductance in rail-to-rail amplifiers, based on an input stage made up of parallelconnected complementary differential pairs, is introduced in this paper. The principle of operation consists of comparing the total transconductance with a reference value and then, appropriated tail currents are generated for the complementar...

Lack of competition in some rail markets has led to calls to force rail carriers to open their networks to competitors at regulated prices. Such rail “unbundling” is intended to reduce rates by facilitating competition when the underlying economics of the network makes facilities entry infeasible. These proposals mirror arguments made in support of telephony network element unbundling under the...

The Australian rail industry consists of a complex network of rail operators and owners. Against this background are separate regulatory regimes for safety, access, economic and environmental functions, which are overseen by a mix of State governments, including the relevant Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs), and the Commonwealth. Within the rail industry, these regimes, o...

A patient aged 58 years, presented with 2 months history of an erythematous, painful and bleeding nodule, after labial herpes (A). The dermoscopic examination confirms the diagnosis of a pyogenic granuloma (B). The dermoscopic criteria are: the reddish homogeneous area (green line) whose color varied from completely red to red with whitish zones which is corresponded to proliferating vessels. A...

The passenger transport demands at a given junction station fluctuate obviously in different time periods, which makes the rail departments unable to establish an even train operation schedule. This paper considers an optimization problem for train operations at the junction station in passenger dedicated lines. A satisfaction function of passengers is constructed by means of analyzing the sati...

An opamp design with outside-rail output relaxing a lowvoltage constraint on future scaled transistors is presented. The proposed opamp realizes 3-V output swing without gate-oxide stress although implemented in a 1.8-V 0.18-μm standard CMOS process. The 3-V-output operation is experimentally verified. The outside-rail output design with scaled transistors shows area advantage over un-scaled an...

Z. Popović, L. Lazarević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia V. Radović, University of Montenegro, Faculty of Civil Engineering in Podgorica, Montenegro V. Vukadinović, Serbian Railways, Belgrade, Serbia G. Tepić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia Rail defects due to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) threaten the traffi c saf...