CD19+CD10+ human B lineage bone marrow cells were separated into cycling or resting cells, which differ in their expression of CD34, VpreB, recombination activating gene (RAG-1), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). Polymerase chain reaction analyses developed for DHJH and VkJk, VkJkK(de) and VkK(de) rearrangements with DNA of single cells and a comparison with B lineage cell develo...

The induction and perpetuation of chronic colitis are thought to involve a complex set of adhesive interactions between T cells and endothelial cells located on the vasculature within secondary lymphoid tissue and the intestine. The objective of this study was to assess the roles of T cell-associated CD18, CD62L (L-selectin), ICAM-1, and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in the inductio...

Products of arachidonic acid metabolism are important for mucosal homeostasis, because blockade of this pathway with an NSAID triggers rapid onset of severe colitis in the IL-10 knockout (IL-10(-/-)) model of IBD. Rag mice do not make T or B cells. This study determined whether reconstitution of Rag mice with T cells from IL-10(-/-) mice transferred NSAID colitis susceptibility. Rag mice were r...

The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) couples an array of intra- and extracellular stimuli to cell growth, proliferation and metabolism, and its deregulation is associated with various human pathologies such as immunodeficiency, epilepsy, and cancer. Among the diverse stimuli impinging on TORC1, amino acids represent essential input signals, but how they control TOR...

The emergence of recombination-activating genes (RAGs) in jawed vertebrates endowed adaptive immune cells with the ability to assemble a diverse set of antigen receptor genes. In contrast, innate lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK) cells, are not believed to require RAGs. Here, we report that NK cells unable to express RAGs or RAG endonuclease activity during ontogeny exhibit a cell-intrin...

The purpose of this research is to understand the urban characteristics Tama New Town and develop a disaster-resistant community that aligns with those characteristics. This paper reports on implementation “resident questionnaire disaster prevention consciousness” among residents around University, based Resilience Assessment Grid (RAG) concept used in Engineering. RAG defines four capabilities...

TOR complex 1 (TORC1) is a potent anabolic regulator of cellular growth and metabolism. When cells have sufficient amino acids, TORC1 is active due to its lysosomal localization mediated via the Rag GTPases. Upon amino acid removal, the Rag GTPases release TORC1, causing it to become cytoplasmic and inactive. We show here that, upon amino acid removal, the Rag GTPases also recruit TSC2 to the l...

Spontaneous eyeblink rates vary greatly between people, from several to a few dozen blinks per minute. Nevertheless, it remains unknown which brain region controls generation of spontaneous eyeblinks. To investigate this issue, the present study examined brain anatomy, which reflects inter-individual variability in eyeblink rate using structural magnetic resonance images with voxel-based morpho...