Introduction: Alpha particle emitters are very damaging and harmful when entering into the human body ,if   ingested or inhaled , swallowed or absorbed  into the lungs or bloodstream . Uranium (238U), Radium (226Ra) and Radon (222Rn) are typical alpha-particle emitters. Material and Methods: we measured the level of alpha particles emitted from 222Rn, 226Ra, and 238U in blood samples of 10 can...

Abstract On 21 February 1913, a few decades before the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) started to develop activities in field ionizing radiation, Marie Curie on behalf Radium Commission deposited first international radium standard at BIPM Sevres. From 1913 1935, was taken out for comparisons Laboratory Paris returned safe BIPM. This article describes how BIPM, established 1...

abstract  background: the essential constituents of cements like lime, silica and alumina are derived from earth’s crust in which radioactive elements like uranium, thorium etc are also present in varying amounts almost everywhere. these two elements are considered as the parent elements of uranium and thorium radioactive decay series in which radon and thoron are produced respectively as decay...

Radium isotopes (Ra, Ra, Ra, and Ra) and water chemistry were used to identify two chemically distinct sources of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in Celestún Lagoon, Yucatán, Mexico. Low salinity groundwater discharging from springs within the lagoon has previously been identified and extensively sampled for nutrient concentrations. However, a second type of groundwater discharging into t...

Fossil Groundwater from the Middle East” I his comment to the paper “High Naturally Occurring Radioactivity in Fossil Groundwater from the Middle East” Dababneh argues that due to its current water crisis Jordan has no option but to allow the use of the Disi aquifer water in spite of the high annual radiation dose levels relative to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. While we recog...