DNA vaccines expressing the envelope (Env) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been relatively ineffective at generating high-titer, long-lasting, neutralizing antibodies. In this study, DNA vaccines were constructed to express the gp120 subunit of Env from the isolate HIV-1(R2) using both wild-type and codon-optimized gene sequences. Three copies of the murine C3d were adde...

Experimentally renal tissue hypoxia appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and arterial hypertension (AHT). In this study we measured renal tissue oxygenation and its determinants in humans using blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) under standardized hydration conditions. Four coronal slices were selected, and a ...

The famous Erdös-Mordell inequality in geometric inequalities states the following: Let P be an interior point of a triangle ABC. Let R1, R2, R3 be the distances from P to the vertices A,B,C, and let r1, r2, r3 be the distance from P to the sides BC,CA,AB, respectively. Then R1 +R2 +R3 ≥ 2(r1 + r2 + r3), (1.1) with equality if and only if △ABC is equilateral and P is its center. This equality w...

Ribonucleotide reductase, which is composed of the two protein components R1 and R2, is a highly regulated enzyme activity that is essential for DNA synthesis and repair. Recent studies have shown that elevated expression of the rate-limiting R2 component increases Raf-1 protein activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and acts as a novel malignancy determinant in cooperation wi...

The structures of six 1-phenylethylammonium tartrates have been determined and in each of them a distinctive hydrogen-bonded anion substructure can be identified. (S)-1-Phenylethylammonium (R,R)-hydrogen tartrate [(I), P21, Z'=1] contains anion sheets built from a single type of R4(4)(22) ring with cations pendent, via three N-H...O hydrogen bonds, from just one face of the sheet. (S)-1-Phenyle...

Photosynthetic vegetation (PV) and non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) are important ground cover types for desertification monitoring and land management. Hyperspectral remote sensing has been proven effective for separating NPV from bare soil, but few studies determined fractional cover of PV (f pv) and NPV (f npv) using multispectral information. The purpose of this study is to evaluate seve...

We discuss the problem of construction of inference procedures which can manipulate with uncertainties measured in ordinal scales and fulfil to the property of strict monotonic­ ity of conclusion. The class of A-valuations of plausibility is considered where operations based only on information about linear or­ dering of plausibility values are used. In this class the modus ponens generating fu...