This paper deals with the question, whether in a federal state the regions should obtain the right to levy regional income taxes. It is shown that a revenue sharing system in uences the optimal income tax rates and causes distortions. In a federal system with other distorting taxes, several states and a revenue sharing system the welfare e ects of regional income taxes can be positive or negati...

Protein C is activated by thrombin with a value of kcat/Km 0.11mM 1s 1 that increases 1700-fold in the presence of the cofactor thrombomodulin. The molecular origin of this effect triggering an important feedback loop in the coagulation cascade remains elusive. Acidic residues in the activation domain of protein C are thought to electrostatically clash with the active site of thrombin. However,...

BACKGROUND Health risks such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption and unhealthy body weight contribute to the development of chronic health problems. OBJECTIVE To estimate the associations of tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption and obesity with healthcare expenditure and chronic diseases among South Africans on a comprehensive medical scheme. METHODS We performed a cross-sec...

Chaotic regimens have been observed experimentally in neurons as well as in deterministic neuronal models. The R15 bursting cell in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia has been the subject of extensive mathematical modeling. Previously, the model of Plant and Kim has been shown to exhibit both bursting and beating modes of electrical activity. In this report, we demonstrate (a) that a chaotic reg...

In this paper I develop an empirical framework to estimate the role of agglomeration externalities, especially those stemming from input-output linkages, in the location process of US manufacturing plants. Furthermore, drawing on the model of Holmes and Stevens (2004b), I propose a way to reconciliate some previous puzzling results about proximity to consumers’ demand and the scope of agglomera...

The present study investigated the effect of rumen fluid (RF) concentration on the methane production through anaerobic digestion of wheat straw in batch mode, and compared the microbial communities in RF and RF inoculated reactors by 16S rRNA genes sequencing. Six levels of RF concentration including 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (v/v) were used in reactors R1, R5, R10, R15, R20 and R25 respec...

The borders of EU are open for the movement of resources but still there can be some strong negative effects of international borders on productivity and knowledge spillovers compared to the internal regional borders. These negative effect could be due to language barriers, cultural differences, local rules and regulation, legal issues, property rights etc. These effects of international border...

This paper establishes asymptotic properties of quasi-maximum likelihood estimators for …xed e¤ects SAR panel data models with SAR disturbances where the time periods T and/or the number of spatial units n can be …nite or large in all combinations except that both T and n are …nite. A direct approach is to estimate all the parameters including …xed e¤ects. We propose alternative estimation meth...