Staphylococcal gamma-hemolysin (Hlg), leukocidin (Luk), and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) are two-component and hetero-oligomeric pore-forming cytolytic toxins (or cytolysin), that were first identified in bacteria. No information on the existence of hetero-oligomeric pore-forming cytolytic toxins in bacteria except for staphylococcal strains is available so far. Hlg (Hlg1 of 34 kDa/Hlg2 of...

ObjectivesThe impact of very low-level viremia (VLLV) and (LLV) are rarely investigated among people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving dolutegravir- vs protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsVirally suppressed PLWH long-term PI-containing ART were included in this study. The incidences developing VLLV (plasma RNA load (PVL) 20–49 copies/ml), LLV (PVL 50–999 virological...

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of musculoskeletal infections. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an exotoxin produced by S. aureus and is an important virulence factor. PVL-positive S. aureus infections have been associated with soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia. In this case report, the clinical course of a 13-year-old boy who was admitted with right hip pain and feve...

Hansen et al. (1985) described proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) as a distinct entity of leukoplakia, presenting as verrucous, or exophytic lesion with progressive histological changes in sequential biopsies such as hyperkeratosis, different grades of dysplasia, verrucous carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [1]. In 2005, the WHO defined PVL as a rare subtype of oral leukoplakia...

A 76-year-old man was admitted to a community hospital due to a persistent high fever. He became afebrile after the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, but developed heart failure due to progressive aortic and mitral valve insufficiency and was transferred to our hospital. Although sequential blood cultures were negative, a broad-range polymerase chain reaction targeting the bacterial...

Symptomatic paravalvular leak (PVL) complicates up to 12 % of surgical valve replacements. When patients present with congestive heart failure and/or haemolysis, reoperation for repeat valve replacement may be undertaken, but presents greater risk and lower likelihood of success than the initial operation. Therefore, percutaneous approaches to PVL closure have been developed by specialists in s...

conclusions the results of the present study indicate the presence of the pvl and fnb genes in the strains of s. aureus isolated from clinical specimens collected from the patients admitted to teaching hospitals in qazvin. considering the clinical significance of these organisms, and their potential in threatening public health systems, the identification, treatment, and infection control manag...

conclusions more than a quarter of the strains harboured sccmec type i. staphylococcus aureus isolates were clustered into eight predominant pfge pulsotypes. the current study should be considered preliminary and further use of molecular studies to monitor the epidemiology of mrsa and its evolution is highly recommended. materials and methods dna was extracted from 114 frozen s. aureus strains ...

Background: Paravalvular leaks (PVLs) are among the most common complications of surgical valve replacement. However, improvements in interventional radiology allow alternative strategies for their treatment. This study evaluated percutaneous transcatheter closure of PVLs in 13 patients (10 male, 3 female). Methods: The location, shape, and size of the PVL were first identified by fluoroscopy, ...

BACKGROUND Although investigators have implicated hypoxic-ischemia (HI) as a potential cause of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the role of clinical risk factors or markers for HI in the development of PVL remains controversial. The aim of this study was to identify perinatal HI-related factors associated with PVL. METHOD The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. T...