46 people participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups as Above Threshold, Under Threshold and Control according to sensation of electrical current on ears. evaluated times; before application, after first second bicycle exercises. Numerical pain scale, pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory distance travelled during exercise for cycle ergometer test.

Slip rupture processes on velocity-weakening faults have been found in simulations to occur by two basic modes, the expanding crack and self-healing modes. In the expanding crack mode, as the rupture zone on a fault keeps expanding, slip continues growing everywhere within the rupture. In the self-healing mode, rupture occurs as a slip pulse propagating along the fault, with cessation of slip b...

We consider the stationary and the partially synchronous regimes in an all-to-all coupled neural network consisting of an infinite number of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. Using analytical tools as well as simulation results, we show that two threshold values for the coupling strength may be distinguished. Below the lower threshold, no synchronization is possible; above the upper threshold, ...

A rock failure criterion is very important for prediction of the ultimate strength in rock mechanics and geotechnics; it is determined for rock mechanics studies in mining, civil, and oil wellborn drilling operations. Also shales are among the most difficult to treat formations. Therefore, in this research work, using the artificial neural network (ANN), a model was built to predict the ultimat...

BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) demands high energy utilization due to continuous biventricular pacing. Current technology allows 6 pacing configurations for a bipolar left ventricular (LV) lead. Understanding the energy requirements for each configuration will allow optimization of pacing output. METHODS AND RESULTS Pacing impedance, LV voltage threshold at 1.5 ms (rheobas...

Certain niobium oxide (NbO , x ~ 2) materials are near insulating at room temperature fut undergo an "insulatorto-metal" transition near 800°C. A similar transition can be initiated at room temperature by applying an electric field. exceeding the "threshold" value, which depends on the oxygen concentration (x) of the NbOx. Metal-oxide threshold switch (MOTS) prototypes are obtained by applying ...

Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy allows in vivo high-resolution imaging of human skin structure and biochemistry with a penetration depth over 100 microm. The major damage mechanism during two-photon skin imaging is associated with the formation of cavitation at the epidermal-dermal junction, which results in thermal mechanical damage of the tissue. In this report, we verify that t...

Electrical stimulation of the skin using a needle-electrode specifically activates nociceptive nerve fibres. The detection of such stimuli by subjects depends on the activation of subsequent nociceptive mechanisms. Activation of these mechanisms depends on the temporal stimulus properties, such as the pulse-width, number of pulses, and inter-pulse interval. This different activation of nocicept...

We studied the effects of cardiac sympathetic stimulation and ablation on characteristics of the anodal-strength interval curve in 10 pentobarbital-anesthetized open-chest dogs. We gave special attention to the form and particularly the depth of early dips of the anodal strength-interval curve. When the central connections of the cardiac sympathetic nerves were intact, left stellate stimulation...

We studied the effects of cardiac sympathetic stimulation and ablation on characteristics of the anodal-strength interval curve in 10 pentobarbital-anesthetized open-cbest dogs. We gave special attention to (he form and particularly the depth of early dips of the anodal strength-interval curve. When the central connections of the cardiac sympathetic nerves were intact, left stellate stimulation...