REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE Does the use of capnography versus pulse oximetry increase the early detection of respiratory compromise and improve safety in non-intubated patients undergoing moderate sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures?Respiratory compromise will be detected by alveolar hypoventilation/hyperventilation (EtCO2 < 35 mmHg/EtCO2 > 50 mmHg), arterial oxygen desaturation (...

Digital pulse oximetry is a useful non-invasive tool to monitor oxygen saturation. However, it has its own limitation and cannot reflect the true arterial oxygen saturation in case of unstable haemoglobin. We report a Chinese girl having unstable haemoglobin presenting with incidental finding of low oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry, its value in identifying affected family members a...

An experimental study on pulse detonation engine (PDE) is conducted using hydrogen/air mixtures. Several key issues for PDE development, including valve operation, injection, mixing, filling, cycle repetition, ignition timing, DDT distance and propagation of detonation/quasi-detonation, are investigated. The fuel and oxidizer are injected into PDE from opposite sidewall directions to be well mi...

Evaluation of the newborn who has cyanosis requires prompt and logical assessment. Although entities such as polycythemia and methemoglobinemia must be considered, the diagnoses that must be addressed most urgently are primary respiratory disease, congenital heart disease (CHD), and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). These categories of disease are not mutually exclusive, ...

Pulse oximetry is a valuable, noninvasive, diagnostic tool for the evaluation of ill individuals at high altitude and is also being increasingly used to monitor the well-being of individuals traveling on high altitude expeditions. Although the devices are simple to use, data output may be inaccurate or hard to interpret in certain situations, which could lead to inappropriate clinical decisions...

A case is reported where reduced oxygen saturationwas detected bya pulse oximeter before clinical signs of pulmonary oedema appeared. A 45 years old, 82 kilogram lady presented for emergency surgery with subacute intestinal obstruction. She had no previous history of any cardiovascular, respiratory or metabolic disorder. She underwent partial colectomy and colostomy. Two days later she was agai...

BACKGROUND Photoplethysmographic imaging (PPGi) that is based on camera allows acquiring photoplethysmogram and measuring physiological parameters such as pulse rate, respiration rate and perfusion level. It has also shown potential for estimation of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). However, there are some technical limitations such as optical shunting, different camera sensitivity to differe...

Potential Use of Pulse Oximetry for the Diagnosis of Testicular Torsion Scrotal Doppler ultrasonography (scrotal US) has been commonly used for evaluating patients with suspected testicular torsion (TT).1,2However, scrotalUS isnot available in allmedical facilities. Comparatively, pulse oximetry is easily available at all institutions; it is used for monitoring pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) ...

One hundred and twenty five measurements of arterial oxygen saturation (Stcao2) obtained with a transcutaneous pulse oximeter were compared with direct arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) in 13 preterm infants with predominantly fetal haemoglobin. Stcao2 of 86-92% corresponded to Pao2 of 5-13 kPa. Stcao2 above 92%, however, was sometimes associated with Pao2 above 13 kPa.

Hemoglobin is the most important blood parameter. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen to the body. Low level of hemoglobin can be due to disease like anemia and high hemoglobin level may be due to polycythemia Vera. Conventional methods are mostly used to calculate hemoglobin level. These methods involve pricking of blood with needle and sending it to laboratory for f...