BACKGROUND Why issues get on the policy agenda, move into policy formulation and implementation while others drop off in the process is an important field of enquiry to inform public social policy development and implementation. This paper seeks to advance our understanding of health policy agenda setting, formulation and implementation processes in Ghana, a lower middle income country by explo...

background: assessment of policies and determining their challenges are necessary to improve and reform health systems. family physician and rural insurance policies have been the second important phase of changes in health services provided in iranian villages and towns with populations under 20,000. this study aimed to identify the challenges of implementing these policies in kerman province,...

this paper presents future trends of urban wastes and their impacts on the environment of african cities using plausible mitigation scenarios. to accomplish this, an integrated dynamic model for urban waste flows was developed, tested, calibrated and validated. its parameter sensitivity was analyzed. using population projection up to 2052 with different levels of technological implementation, p...

IBM made a business decision to promote an open, secure, interoperable and integrateable environment by embracing the IETF’s Public Key Infrastructure (X.509) standards, developing a reference implementation of the core set, and giving it away as freeware. We discuss the architecture of this reference code, emphasizing lessons learned from implementing the standards in an integrated PKI system.

Our paper consists of introductory and main parts, plus conclusions, drawn on macro and microanalysis of selected aspects of the given problem. Its two starting parts create the basis for further explanation, describing general trends of the Slovak health policy and ways how these policies were incorporated into reform documents, and implemented. Three core parts focus on important public polic...

INTRODUCTION The Government of Gujarat has for the past couple of decades continuously initiated several interventions to improve access to care for pregnant and delivering women within the state. Data from the last District Family Heath survey in Gujarat in 2007-2008 show that 56.4% of women had institutional deliveries and 71.5% had at least one antenatal check-up, indicating that challenges ...

BACKGROUND In tobacco control and other fields, point-of-sale surveillance of the retail environment is critical for understanding industry marketing of products and informing public health practice. Innovations in mobile technology can improve existing, paper-based surveillance methods, yet few studies describe in detail how to operationalize the use of technology in public health surveillance...

Integrated public health policy (IPHP) aims at integrating health considerations into policies of other sectors. Since the limited empirical evidence available may hamper its further development, we systematically analysed empirical manifestations of IPHP, by placing policy strategies along a continuum of less-to-more policy integration, going from intersectoral action (IA) to healthy public po...

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect healthcare systems globally. Developed and underdeveloped countries continue to strive towards sustainable health policies that will help in containing the spread and at the same time managing positive cases. Global policy initiatives since the confirmation of the outbreak is guided by the recommendations from the World health orga...