An apparent increase of leukemia risk raises occasionally public concern of radiation exposure in the developed countries where nuclear power plants (NPPs) are located although the facilities operate normally. On the contrary a reactor plant accident certainly poses a threat to increase thyroid cancer risk in children by radioiodine uptake mainly resulted from contaminated fresh milk due to the...

It is now well established that children’s exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) results in substantial public health and economic impacts. Children are more likely than adults to suVer health eVects from ETS exposure, and the home is the most important site of such exposure. Although the responsibility and authority of the community and health professionals to protect children from har...

Our objective was to provide descriptive data on flight attendant secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the work environment, and to examine attitudes toward SHS exposure, personal health, and smoke-free policy in the workplace and public places. Flight attendants completed a web-based survey of self-reported SHS exposure and air quality in the work environment. We assessed the frequency and durat...

Introduction: Adolescence is one of the most important periods of human development. Nutrition plays an important role in health and prevention of disease during this period. Food advertising influences food purchase and food consumption among children and adolescents. Most of these advertisements are about the foods high in fat, salt and sugar. High exposure to these kinds of a...

Background: Medical x-rays are the largest man-made source of public exposure to ionizing radiation. It is important to avoid conditions where the amount of radiation used is more than that needed for the procedure. Materials and Methods: The Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE) measurement was conducted for quality control of x-ray machines and survey of operator’s experimental techniques. The ESEs we...

all living organisms are exposed to ionizing radiation comprising cosmic rays coming from outer space, terrestrial nuclides occurring in the earth’s crust, building materials, air, water and foods and in the human body itself. the exposures are constant and uniform for all individuals everywhere including the dose from ingestion of 40k in food. cosmic rays are, more intense at higher altitudes,...

introduction:. nickel (ni) is one of the toxic heavy metals that exposure to it has been connected with chronic respiratory complications such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and heart diseases .. in this research,  original studies that investigated occupational or environmental exposures to nickel and  measured nickel levels in human tissues was reviewed. materials and methods: in ...

testicular cancer is one of the commonest cancers in men of working age, and is increasing in incidence in europe and north america. one suggested mechanism of causation is that there is impaired differentiation of germ cells in the pre- or perinatal period, followed by malignant transformation in later life, possibly by a hormonal mechanism. endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) have been a ma...

BACKGROUND Regulatory decisions to phase-out the availability and use of common organophosphate pesticides among the general public were announced in 2000 and continued through 2004. Based on revised risk assessments, chlorpyrifos and diazinon were determined to pose unacceptable risks. To determine the impact of these decisions, organophosphate (OP) exposure incidents reported to the National ...

Background and Objective: The behavior of COVID-19, clinical symptoms, and mortality rate are not the same in different regions. Due to lack of knowledge about the cited issues, we aimed to investigate the clinical symptoms, case fatality rate, and some risk factors of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was started from the late February 2020 and lasted to the mid-July 20...