This paper uses household level unit record data from South Africa to examine the behavioural and welfare impacts of private and public transfers. We allow for joint endogeneity of resource variables and the expenditure shares. Our results show that crowding out of private transfers as a result of the introduction of public pensions holds only for poor households and not for the non-poor. Both ...

This paper presents a framework for assessing the fiscal condition index (FCI) and develops a concept to assess fiscal condition of governments and implements it into Iran government as an oil exporting country. The concept consists of four dimensions ­-revenue, expenditure, budget balance, and debt structure-and each dimension has its own indicators. There are seven indicators examined namely ...

BACKGROUND Road traffic injuries (RTI) are an increasing public health problem in India where out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on health are among the highest in the world. We estimated the OOP expenses for RTI in a large city in India. METHODS Information on medical and non-medical expenditure was documented for RTI cases of all ages that reported alive or dead to the emergency departments o...

"Labelled drug-related public expenditure" is the direct expenditure explicitly labelled as related to illicit drugs by the general government of the state. As part of the reporting exercise corresponding to 2005, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction's network of national focal points set up in the 27 European Union (EU) Member States, Norway, and the candidates countries...

background health literacy presents an enormous challenge in the delivery of effective healthcare and quality outcomes. we evaluated the impact of low health literacy (lhl) on healthcare utilization and healthcare expenditure.   methods database analysis used medical expenditure panel survey (meps) from 2005-2008 which provides nationally representative estimates of healthcare utilization and e...

The paper by Jakovljevic and Getzen highlighted the fact that low-and middle-income countries have been grabbing an ever larger share of global health spending over the last couple of decades (1). Share of global health spending of low-and middle-income countries as of 1995 expressed in million current PPP international $US grew from 26. and Vietnam) with a joint contribution to the global tota...

Background: In all countries, health expenditures are a main part of government expenditure, and governments try to find policies and strategies to reduce this expenditure. Overall expenditure index has been raised 30 times during the past 20 years in Iran, while in the health sector, the growth in health expenditures index has been 71 times. The present study aimed at examining health care exp...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES To examine the household economic impact of an outbreak of chikungunya in terms of out-of-pocket health care expenditure and income foregone due to loss of productive time in Orissa, India. METHODS Structured interviews were conducted on 150 respondents, bread winners from the affected households of a village with maximum number of reported cases in the state, during A...