A proximate, biophysical model is proposed describing temperature-modulated variation in growth rate and differentiation rate in ectotherms, based upon the Sharpe–Schoolfield equation connecting enzyme kinetics and biological rates. Like the Sharpe-Schoolfield equation, the model assumes (1) that growth rate and differentiation rate can be described as controlled by one rate-limiting enzyme; in...

23 The evolution of lifespan is a central question in evolutionary biology, begging the question why 24 there is so large variation among taxa. Specifically, a central quest is to unravel proximate causes of 25 ageing. Here we show that the degree of unsaturation of liver fatty acids predicts maximum lifespan 26 in 107 bird species. In these birds, the degree of fatty acid unsaturation is posit...

The use of plant-derived foods in the prevention, treatment, and management of metabolic diseases especially diabetes has gained prominence; this has been associated with their physicochemical properties. This study was conducted to compare the proximate, functional, mineral, and antinutrient composition of the fermented seeds, the defatted seeds, and the protein isolate from Parkia biglobosa s...

1. Animals foraging for resources are under a variety of selective pressures, and separate optimality models have been developed predicting the optimal reproductive strategies they should adopt. 2. In most cases, the proximate behavioural mechanisms adopted to achieve such optimality goals have been identified. This is the case, for example, for optimal patch time and sex allocation in insect p...

The effects of three different traditional processing methods (smoking, frying and salting) on proximate composition of red fish stored under ambient room conditions were determined. Fresh red fish were obtained from Elmina fish market. These were used for the study to determine the proximate properties of the raw fish, smoked fish, fried fish and salted fish before and after storage. The param...

We use a new firm level data set that establishes the location, ownership, and activity of 650,000 multinational subsidiaries—close to a comprehensive picture of global multinational activity. A number of patterns emerge from the data. Most foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs between rich countries. The share of vertical FDI (subsidiaries which provide inputs to their parent firms) is larger...

Almost all our detailed knowledge about the endothelium is proximate knowledge about its structure, development, and functioning, and how its dysfunctions lead to disease. The other, evolutionary half of endothelial biology has been neglected. Some researchers are unfamiliar with the fundamental distinction between proximate and evolutionary questions, and methods for formulating and testing ev...

This study was carried out to determine the proximate, functional and pasting properties of breadfruit starch. Breadfruit starch was isolated from matured breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and was analyzed for its functional, proximate and pasting properties. The starch contains 10.83%, 0.53%, 0.39%, 22.52%, 77.48% and 1.77% moisture, crude protein, fat, amylose, amylopectin and ash contents resp...

It is hypothesized that female-male mounting is an adaptive behaviour, functioning to prompt sluggish males to mount females in return. This hypothesis has been proposed many times and independently by different authors, however it had yet to be tested. Furthermore, the proximate mechanisms that drive the behaviour, specifically the male and female movements and actions that prompt its occurren...

A central simplifying assumption in evolutionary behavioral ecology has been that optimal behavior is unaffected by genetic or proximate constraints. Observations and experiments show otherwise, so that attention to decision architecture and mechanisms is needed. In psychology, the proximate constraints on decision making and the processes from perception to behavior are collectively described ...