New model xDLVO-CGhybr calculating second osmotic virial coefficient of protein solutions is developed. Data calculated agrees well with experiments due to accurate estimation electrostatic protein–protein interactions using a hybrid methodology.

objective(s):theneuroprotective effect of lithium has been attributed to its therapeutic action. however, the role of glial cells particularly astrocytes, and the possible interactions between neurons and astrocytes in neuroprotective effects of lithium have been disregarded. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of lithium on brain derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) an...

objectives the overall goal of this study was to carry out a set of comparative analyses of arsr gene in plasmid r773 and bacterial chromosome from escherichia coli bl-21(de3). methods pdb and ncbi databases and chimera, mega4, clc main workbench software and 3d-jigsaw and embl-ebi servers were applied to perform this study. by using these software and servers, multiple analyses including deter...

Protein–protein binding enables orderly biological self-organization and is therefore considered a miracle of nature. Protein‒protein driven by electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals force, hydrophobic interactions. Among these physical only interactions can be long-range intermolecular attractions between proteins due to the shielding surrounding water molecules. Low-entropy hyd...