background: fistula-in-ano is a problematic perianal disease for physicians and patients because of its occasional difficulty in management. due to the different types of fistulas seen in patients, careful approach is necessary to correctly choose from among the various surgical techniques. one surgical method for complex fistula is the endorectal advancement flap which has been frequently perf...

gully erosion is one of the most destructive types of channeled water erosion that removes aconsiderable volume of soil as it develops. this type of erosion consists of complex a geomorphicprocess that has been known as an indicator of accelerated soil erosion. in this research theadvancement of 25 headcuts were assessed through digital interpretation of multi-temporal aerialphotos, field obser...

hyosun kim’s report “trouble spots in online direct to consumer prescription drug promotion: a content analysis of fda warning letters”aims to teach marketers how to avoid breaching current food and drug administration (fda) guidelines in their online drug promotion. while kim hopes to minimise the potential for online promotion to misinform consumers and the study is carefully conducted, teach...

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background since 1986, the world health organization (who) has been motivating health sectors to promote clinical and curative services (who, 1986). some emergency departments (eds) have partially achieved this through providing patient health information, screening and early intervention programs, injury prevention, and asthma education. a significant organizational shift is required for eds t...

Purchasing decisions are the actions of consumers to be willing buy or not against a product. Many factors can influence consumer's purchasing decision on Therefore, entrepreneurs required understand behavior in purchasing, especially Indonesia whose people majority Muslim consumers, one which is by halal labeling and promotion. The review means examine impact naming advancement buying choices ...