Research subject. Sulfide-carbonate hydrothermal-bacterial structures on the surface of Tessel paleovolcano lava. Materials and methods. The under study were found during detailed geological works. Petrographic thin sections studied using an Olympus Bx5 microscope. Carbonate sulfide samples examined RZMMA-202M scanning electron Results. For first time, contacts with their enclosing siltstones m...

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major factor in the evolution of prokaryotes. An intriguing question is whether HGT is maintained during evolution of prokaryotes owing to its adaptive value or is a byproduct of selection driven by other factors such as consumption of extracellular DNA (eDNA) as a nutrient. One hypothesis posits that HGT can restore genes inactivated by mutations and thereby...

Factors controlling the community composition of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes include organic-C, mineral nutrients, predation, and viral lysis. Two mesocosm experiments, performed at an Arctic location and bottom-up manipulated with organic-C, had very different results in community composition for both prokaryotes and viruses. Previously, we showed how a simple mathematical model could rep...

Menaquinone (MK) is an important component of the electron-transfer system in prokaryotes. One of its precursors, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate, can be synthesized from chorismate by the classical MK pathway. Interestingly, in some bacteria, chorismate can also be converted to 1,4-dihydroxy-6-naphthoate by four enzymes encoded by mqnABCD in an alternative futalosine pathway. In this study, six cru...

Deficits in automation technology comprise problems in interfaces, programming, sensory abilities, and flexibility. Organisms apply cognitive capacities and use a rich control, actuator and sensor armament in situations envisioned for automated technical applications. We discuss solutions for flexibility derived from cell biology. In [5] and [8] we showed that prokaryotes have minimal cognitive...

Most of the ocean is deep with majority its volume (> 80%) lying under a depth greater than 1000 m. Deep-ocean substrates input mainly supplied as organic matter (in particulate and/or dissolved forms) by physical and biological processes. Bioavailable carbon (DOC) consumed in surface water prokaryotes, while most DOC recalcitrant. Deep-sea prokaryotes are known to be adapted degrade complex su...