The large shift of U.S. employment from goods producers to service producers has generated concern over future income distribution because of perceived large relative pay differences. This paper applies a density overlap statistic to compare the sectors' distribution of weekly wages at all wage levels. A simple refinement yields locational information by decile. To counter problematic features ...

This paper re-explores the relation between a country’s level of wealth and the mix of products it exports. We argue that both are simultaneously determined by countries’ capabilities i.e. by countries’ productivity and quality levels for each good. Our theoretical setup has two features. (1) Some goods have fewer high-quality producers/countries than others i.e. there is Ricardian comparative ...

Private sector initiatives certifying that producers of goods and services adhere to defined environmental process standards are increasingly popular worldwide. According to proponents, they can circumvent chronic barriers to effective public sector environmental regulation in developing countries. But eco-certification programs will have limited effects on producers’ environmental performance ...

rangelands are the main sources of forage for livestock feeding by localpeople. beside forage production, rangeland ecosystems provide many other goods andservices such as medicinal plants, recreation, soil and water conservation, wildlife habitat,fishing, hunting, hiking, etc. nevertheless, there are no much information about the waythat local communities think about the rangelands goods and s...

The Amazon is a biodiversity hotspot. Around 90% of its territory inhabited by native communities, who spontaneously organize themselves into groups extractivists and small producers, relying on as their primary means sustenance. This paper aims to discuss how the biotrade Amazonian goods affects communities with respect environmental, social, economic sustainability. Based sample 178 in four w...

Abstract Firms rely on brand names to market goods consumers, and consumers locate that satisfy their preferences. If multiple firms are using the same or similar names, may be confused about which product buy, not obtain benefits of investments in quality. Recently, both scholars a number industries have expressed concern name congestion—too many clustering around too few terms. This paper app...

handling stolen goods has been recognized as an independent offence in both iranian and english law. committing this offence, tacitly support those actions that are called theft. however, penal policy of iran’s legislator does not provide effective fighting against the handlers of stolen goods. in others words, comparing the two iranian and english legal system, make this issue clear that crimi...

Supply chain formation is the process by which a set of producers within a network determine the subset of these producers able to form a chain to supply goods to one or more consumers at the lowest cost. This problem has been tackled in a number of ways, including auctions, negotiations, and argumentation-based approaches. In this paper we show how this problem can be cast as an optimization o...

Mark J. Roberts and Dylan Supina Industrial Orgaruzation, Volume 9, pages 1-36. ~~pyright © 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. ~u rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ISBN: 0-7623-0687-4 This chapter provides empirical evidence on the extent of producer heterogeneity in the output market by analyzing output price and price­ marginal cost markups at the plant level for thirteen homogeneous ma...