This paper develops the theory of the optimal tariff under the Byrd Amendment when producers are also processors. The optimal tariff in this case is equal to the optimal processor tariff (when the processor is not also a producer) and is smaller than the optimal producer tariff (when the producer is not also a processor). In a vertical market structure, the welfare of a producer/processor (P/P)...

Using a real options framework, we value and analyze supply contracts characterized by exchange rate uncertainty, order quantity flexibility and supplier-switching options. Analogous to the portfolio optimization framework, our framework analyzes the incentives that the suppliers face in accepting order level flexibility. The resulting tradeoff (for the supplier) is a balance between greater vo...

We present an incremental proof of the producer/consumer property for the PCI protocol. In the incremental proof, a corrected model of the multi-bus PCI 2.1 protocol is shown to be a refinement of the producer/consumer property. Multi-bus PCI must be corrected because the original PCI specification violates the producer/consumer property. The final model of PCI includes transaction types and re...

information filtering We discuss the implications of information consumer and producer needs for the provider of basic filtering technology. To understand the consumer point of view, we outline seven different filtering goals that cover a wide variety of filtering questions, including obtaining an overview, identifying a trend, and finding a match between a prototype and an instantiation. We di...

We hypothesize that quality signals improve over time with the quality performance of a wine producer, and that spillovers will affect other producers within the same region. For this purpose, we estimate a hedonic pricing model for premium California wine. Data source is the annual publication "California Wine Winners" accumulated over the judging years 1990-2001. Quality indicators for 19,583...

rising incomes are likely to continue to put pressure on food demand. International prices for most agricultural commodities are set to remain at 2010 levels or higher, at least for the next decade (OECD-FAO 2010). Small scale producers in many developing countries were not able to reap the benefits of high food prices during the 2007-2008 food price crises. And yet, this upward food price tren...

A virtual environment is a computer-generated world accessible to a (human) user through input/output devices. It is similar to a traditional simulation but with an emphasis on threedimensional graphics, immersion and real-time interaction. A distributed virtual environment has several participants interacting simultaneously with the virtual world. An example application would be a surgical tra...

Producer-initiated communication mechanisms have been proposed to reduce communication latency in distributed shared memory systems. These mechanisms aim to move data close to its consumers, as soon as it is produced. The data is then available locally when needed by the consumer, avoiding the latency of retrieving it from global memory or from the producer’s cache. Studies have shown that thes...