Body condition is assumed to influence an animal’s health and fitness. Various non-destructive methods based on body mass and a measure of body length have been used as condition indices (CIs), but the dominant method amongst ecologists is currently the calculation of residuals from an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression of body mass against length. Recent studies of energy reserves in smal...

Simultaneous process of filament winding and curing a reinforced polymer is widely used in composite industries. This process is normally used for manufacturing cylindrical structures of the composite materials, which have been used in many fields including aerospace and chemical industries, sports and military. The process consists in winding fibres passing through a resin bath on a mandrel at...

Process capability indices (PCIs) provide numerical measures on whether a process confirms to the defined capability prerequisite. They have been used to measure the ability of process to decide how well the process meets the specification limits (SLs). The PCIs have been successfully applied by companies for evaluating the quality and productivity performance. In this paper, one of the most im...

A measurement control system ensures that measuring equipment and measurement processes are fit for their intended use and its important in achieving product quality objectives. The following paper introduces theoretical foundations for determination of the measuring process capability. Defines three capability indexes in short and recommended use of the Cpm index.

The problem of convexity runs deeply in economic theory. For example, increasing returns or upward slopes (convexity) and diminishing returns or downward slopes (concavity) of certain supply, demand, production and utility relations are often assumed in economics. Quite frequently, however, the observations have lost convexity (or concavity) due to errors of the measuring process. We derive the...

The problem of convexity runs deeply in economic theory. For example, increasing returns or upward slopes (convexity) and diminishing returns or downward slopes (concavity) of certain supply, demand, production and utility relations are often assumed in economics. Quite frequently, however, the observations have lost convexity (or concavity) due to errors of the measuring process. We derive the...

An alternative to the Engle-Granger tests is the Cointegration Regression Durbin-Watson (CRDW) test of Sargan and Bhargava (1983). The test involves a simple regression of one variable on the other, and the standard Durbin-Watson test on the residuals. Recall the null for the DW test is that the residuals form a nonstationary random walk, whereas the alternative hypothesis is that the residuals...

The "hazard" associated with a waste essentially controls the overall engineering approach to finding suitable alternatives for solving potential disposal problems. It should be recognized that all factors affecting environmental equilibrium must be considered, including product sales, process design, financing, pre- and end-of-pipe treatment, residuals management, and ultimate bioaccumulation ...