Dual-system models of visual category learning posit the existence of an explicit, hypothesis-testing reflective system, as well as an implicit, procedural-based reflexive system. The reflective and reflexive learning systems are competitive and neurally dissociable. Relatively little is known about the role of these domain-general learning systems in speech category learning. Given the multidi...

Although many authors claim that argumentation is a process, in most models the procedural side of argumentation is restricted to the definition of a procedural framework that is able to compare arguments. This paper elaborates on the procedural side of argumentation. A distinction is made between structural and procedural arguments. Structural arguments arecharacterizedbytheirspecificstructure...

Several studies of procedural learning in Parkinson's disease (PD) have demonstrated that these patients are impaired with respect to age-matched control subjects. In order to examine more closely the specific impairment, we considered three dimensions along which a procedural learning task could vary. These are: (1) implicit vs explicit learning, (2) instance vs rule learning, and (3) learning...

background: learning of clinical skills in the intensive care unit (icu) is important for nursing students. “direct observation of procedural skills (dops)” is a modified objective method in the field of medical sciences, and we conducted this study with the aim of investigating the effect of evaluation using dops method on learning practical skills among nursing students in the icu. materials ...

introduction: direct observation of procedural skills (dops) is a way of evaluating procedural skills through observation in the workplace. the purpose of this study was to assess the role of dops in teaching and assessment of postgraduate students and to know the effect of repeated dops on improvement of the skills and confidence of the students. methods: this prospective study was conducted i...

The placement of vegetation plays a central role in the realism virtual scenes. We introduce procedural models (PPMs) for urban layouts. PPMs are environmentally sensitive to city geometry and allow identifying plausible plant positions based on structural functional zones an layout. can either be directly used by defining their parameters or learned from satellite images land register data. Th...

The purpose of this research is to investigate how teachers and students implement OCF in speaking for EFL students. This aims at figuring out reviewing the process, implementation, preferences teaching-learning classroom by applying a type assessment; that oral corrective feedback (OCF). English needs have an assessment as it becomes crucial affects from diagnostic test final test. Speaking sk...