AbstractThis article examines the use of a conversation tool called »LeVel«, which employees Norwegian Probation Service when talking with young boys who are serving youth sentence. Two focus group interviews have been carried out among employees. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis based on two questions: to what extent do staff members in probation service feel that can be su...

This article maps the (shifting) boundaries of professional legitimacy, identity and practice in probation England Wales. Probation established itself 20th century as a core institution modernist pursuit offender rehabilitation; however, changing political economic priorities recent decades have prompted new consensus that also incorporates mentalities punitivism, managerialism risk. With parti...

conclusions the individual characteristics, educational background and admission criteria had showed relation with academic failure. vulnerable students should be identified and educational supports should be provided for these students. results the frequency of course repetition, probation, and delayed graduation was reported to be 19.25%, 3.9% and 19.85%, respectively. gaining low grade in hi...