OBJECTIVE Macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue (AT) during obesity contributes to inflammation and insulin resistance. Recruitment of monocytes to obese AT has been the most studied mechanism explaining this accumulation. However, recent evidence suggests that recruitment-independent mechanisms may also regulate pro-inflammatory AT macrophage (ATM) numbers. The role of increased ATM surviv...

OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is associated with systemic insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in obese rodents and humans. A longstanding concept is that hyperinsulinemia may promote systemic insulin resistance through downregulation of its receptor on target tissues. Here we tested the novel hypothesis that insulin also impairs systemic insulin sensitivity by specifically enha...

Background. The problem of studying lipid metabolism in patients with tuberculosis is interest to scientists around the world. purpose study - investigate profile pulmonary concurrent insulin resistance. Materials and methods. Forty-one were examined. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol level (TC), triglycerides (TG) level, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low (LDL)...

The advantages of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been well established. However, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-diabetic action of MUFAs remain unclear. This study examined the anti-hyperglycemic effect and explored the molecular mechanisms involved in the actions of fish oil- rich in MUFAs that had been acquired from hyb...

BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with skeletal muscle abnormalities contributing to exercise intolerance, muscle loss, and negative impact on patient prognosis. A primary role has been proposed for mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be induced by systemic and tissue inflammation and further contribute to low insulin signalling. The acylated form of the gastric hormone ghre...

OBJECTIVE Insulin activates several processes potentially dangerous for the arterial wall and hyperinsulinemia might be atherogenic. However, other insulin effects are protective for the vessel wall and thus anti-atherogenic. Aim of this study was to investigate whether insulin effects on potentially pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic processes were differently affected in cells from insulin-...

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a complex disease linked to pancreatic beta-cell failure and insulin resistance. Current antidiabetic treatment regimens for T2DM include insulin sensitizers and insulin secretagogues. We have previously demonstrated that leptolide, a member of the furanocembranolides family, promotes pancreatic beta-cell proliferation in mice. Considering the beneficial effects of lep...