Today, political philosophers see the social contract as a symbol ofpopular satisfaction and basis of legitimacy democraticgovernment. In philosophy, it is believed that by entering into socialcontract, individuals are deprived right to punish offenders consentto government prosecute perpetrators on behalf them. However, thequestion whether this an exclusive state, or if personswho party transf...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) control is considered primarily a public health concern, and private sector TB treatment has attracted less attention. Thus, the size and characteristics of private sector TB drug sales remain largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used IMS Health data to analyze private TB drug consumption in 10 high burden countries (HBCs), after first mapping how we...

We demonstrate the existence of multiple dimensions of private information in the long-term care insurance market. Two types of people purchase insurance: individuals with private information that they are high risk and individuals with private information that they have strong taste for insurance. Ex post, the former are higher risk than insurance companies expect, while the latter are lower r...

We explore how activists’ public and private politics elicit different organizational responses. Using data on U.S. petroleum companies from 1982 to 2010, we investigate how climate change activists serving as witnesses at congressional hearings and engaging in firm protests influenced firms’ internal and external responses. We find that public politics induced internally focused practice adopt...

Almost 20% of big earthquakes in the world occur in Japan. It becomes impossible for private companies and governments to carry out their business if they suffer from severe damage. In this situation, BCM (Business Continuity Management) become focus of public attention. But it has not become popular enough. This is due to the fact that anti-disaster plan is difficult to be verified because com...

Many developing country firms are investing huge money in the sector of mobile commerce (m-commerce). Simplifying and understanding the factors which can impact on m-commerce success enables the organisations’ managers to focus their efforts on the key areas of their m-commerce businesses, thereby contributing to the successful implementation of m-commerce. This study provides a clear understan...

PROBLEM A multinational company with operations in several African countries was committed to offer antiretroviral treatment to its employees and their dependants. APPROACH The Accelerating Access Initiative (AAI), an initiative of six pharmaceutical companies and five United Nations' agencies, offered the possibility of obtaining brand antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) at 10% of the commercial pri...

Scientific research, like carpentry, farming, manufacturing , or banking, is a form of business. The business of science is to produce new discoveries and innovations that advance human knowledge and society. Science, like any other business, involves investments of money, property, human resources, facilities, and capital. The global spending on research and development (R & D) is $1.6 trillio...