Primordial germ cells are the progenitor cells that give rise to the gametes. In some animals, the germline is induced by zygotic transcription factors, whereas in others, primordial germ cell specification occurs via inheritance of maternally provided gene products known as germ plasm. Once specified, the primordial germ cells of some animals must acquire motility and migrate to the gonad in o...

It is shown that double inflation (two minimally coupled massive scalar fields) can produce correlated adiabatic and isocurvature primordial perturbations. Depending on the two relevant parameters of the model, the contributions to the primordial perturbations are computed, with special emphasis on the correlation, which can be quantitatively represented by a correlation spectrum. Finally the p...

introduction: the origin of neonatal oocyte development is unknown. however, estrogen plays an essential role during development of the female reproductive system. anastrozole is used as both ovulation stimulating and an anticancer drug. the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of anastrozole on follicular development and differentiation in mice. materials and methods: in the present st...

An important but poorly understood process in ovarian biology is the transition of the developmentally arrested primordial follicle to the developing primary follicle. Interactions between the epithelial and mesenchymal cells of the follicle are critical for the coordination of ovarian follicle development. The mesenchymal growth factor keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) (i.e., fibroblast growth ...

Factors that cause some primordial follicles to enter the growth phase while the others remain quiescent are unknown. The hypothesis was tested that primate primordial follicles can survive and initiate growth in vitro in serum-free medium. Superficial pieces of ovarian cortex, containing mostly primordial follicles, were obtained from baboon fetuses during late gestation and cultured for 0, 2,...

We examine effects on primordial nucleosynthesis from a truly random spatial distribution in the baryon-to-photon ratio (η). We generate stochastic fluctuation spectra characterized by different spectral indices and root-mean-square fluctuation amplitudes. For the first time we explicitly calculate the effects of baryon diffusion on the nucleosynthesis yields of such stochastic fluctuations. We...

The aim of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of primordial follicles after culturing of sheep ovarian cortical slices in the presence of indol acetic acid (IAA), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and FSH. To evaluate ultrastructure of primordial follicles cultured in MEM (control) or in MEM containing IAA, EGF, and FSH, fragments of cultured tissue were processes fo...

We show that the ability to probe primordial non-Gaussianity with cluster counts is drastically improved by adding the excess variance of counts which contains information on the clustering. The conflicting dependences of changing the mass threshold and including primordial non-Gaussianity on the mass function and biasing indicate that the self-calibrated cluster counts break the degeneracy bet...

The catalysis of nuclear reactions by negatively charged relics leads to increased outputs of primordial 6Li and 9Be. In combination with observational constraints on the primordial fractions of 6Li and 9Be, this imposes strong restrictions on the primordial abundance and the lifetime of charged relics. We analyze the constraints from the catalysis of 9Be on supersymmetric models in which the g...

The origin of the baryon asymmetry Universe (BAU) and nature dark matter are two most challenging problems in cosmology. We propose a scenario which gravitational collapse large inhomogeneities at quark-hadron epoch generates both form primordial black holes (PBHs). This is due to sudden drop radiation pressure during transition from quark-gluon plasma non-relativistic hadrons. PBH induced by f...