agriculture sector is the main consumer of water in the world. in productive sectors likeagriculture, water is considered as a valuable mediatory commodity or production input.demand for agriculture water comes from consumers› (agriculture products›) behavior. thisstudy aims to evaluate water use optimality in pomegranate arbors at the charkhab village inthe yazd province. the data was randomly...

In this work, we propose extending the production planning decisions of a chemical process network to include optimal contract selection under uncertainty with suppliers and product selling price optimization. We use three quantity-based contract models: discount after a certain purchased amount, bulk discount, and fixed duration contracts. We propose the use of general regression models to des...

In this paper, a customer incentive scheme is proposed for retailers to build an effective demand response program over the peak demand period to minimize the financial risk. Firstly, an objective function is formulated based on the market operation and an optimal incentive price is derived from this objective function. Secondly, the incentive price is employed as a part of an incentive scheme ...

T H E desirability as wel l as the difficulty o f obtaining reliable estimates o f import demand elasticities is clearly demonstrated by the extensive literature on the subject during the last few decades. Interest i n price elasticities o f import demand originated in Marshall's [14] discussion o f the possibility o f a devaluation causing a deterioration rather than an improvement in the bala...

This paper models the price and income elasticity of retail finance in Australia using aggregate quarterly data and an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. We particularly focus on the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC) from 2007 onwards on retail finance demand and analyse four submarkets (period analysed in brackets): owneroccupied housing loans (Sep 1985–June 2010), term ...

We consider a day-ahead electricity market where a central operator forecasts the dayahead demands and where there may be some price elasticity. The day-ahead market clears based on the day-ahead bids. There is also a real-time deviations market, which clears the difference between the day-ahead demand and the real-time demand, which is modeled as a random variable. We observe that in the absen...

In this journal, Seldon (1986) recently criticized the arc elasticity concept as it is commonly taught in the principles course. In doing so, he resurrected the Lerner (1933a) measure of elasticity, which is based upon the lower values of price and quantity in a price change rather than the average values used in the traditional measure (i.e., the midpoint formula). Seldon argued that the Lerne...

I identify assumptions under which policies that maximize expected surplus are Pareto Optimal–even when expected consumer surplus does not even locally represent preferences over price-income lotteries. Besides the oft-made partial equilibrium assumptions that only one price varies, and that income changes do not affect demand, the two other assumptions are that every consumer’s indirect utilit...

â â â  â  zahra zamani [1] â â  seyed komail tayebi â  department of economics, university of isfahan, iran â â department of economics, university of isfahan, iran â â â  abstract â  international trade causes that markets to become more competitive and small-medium sized enterprises (smes) learn to compete effectively within this increasingly competitive global market place. smes are able to ...