This paper presents a new approach to recognition of non-touching non-degraded characters. Our methods works on boundary functions of characters, and attempts to normalize these functions to orientation and size variations of the symbols. This allows to apply any one-dimensional transform in order to extract invariant features. We validated this approach by performing several experiments on bot...

A symbol is a pattern (of physical marks, electromagnetic energy, etc.) which denotes, designates, or otherwise has meaning. The notion that intelligence requires the use and manipulation of symbols, and that humans are therefore symbol systems, has been extremely in uential in arti cial intelligence. keywords: symbol, reasoning, intelligence, representation, logic This article has two parts. W...

Assist. Lect. Nada Najeel Kamal * Assist. Prof. Dr. Loay E. George Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science University of Technology College of Science, University of Baghdad Baghdad, Iraq Baghdad, Iraq Abstract— A License Plate (LP) is a rectangular metal plate contains numbers, characters and words, fixed on the car body and is used to identify the vehicles. In recent y...

In this paper, we propose a new method of recognizing mathematical formulae. The method is robust against the recognition errors of characters and the variation of the printing styles of the documents. The outline is as follows: we first construct a network with vertices representing the characters (symbols), linked each other by several edges with labels and costs representing the possible rel...

This paper presents some of the results of the modeling and simulation of an industrial furnace under the conventional combustion as well as under the highly preheated and diluted air combustion (HPDAC) conditions. The results are obtained using a computer program written by authors in FORTRAN language. It was found that, the HPDAC offers a more uniform and relatively moderate gas temperature p...

This paper concerns character sheaves of connected reductive algebraic groups defined over non-Archimedean local fields and their relation with characters of smooth representations. Although character sheaves were devised with characters of representations of finite groups of Lie type in mind, character sheaves are perfectly well defined for reductive algebraic groups over any algebraically clo...

To utilize a character information in scene images, character recognition and segmentation are required. Character segmentation is essential preliminary of character recognition. However, most character segmentation methods cannot extract isolated characters which do not constitute a character string, characters in a complex equation, touching characters where two characters are connected and s...