Background: Classic predator–prey theory assumes that predatory mortality is additive with other sources of mortality, but predatory mortality can be non-additive. If predators preferentially kill individuals already ‘doomed’ from other mortality causes, then predation can be less than additive. If predators preferentially kill individuals more likely to survive, then predation can be greater t...

Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in Trinidadian streams are found with a diversity of predators in the lower reaches of streams, but few predators in the headwaters. These differences have caused the adaptive evolution of guppy behaviour, morphology, male colouration and life history. Waterfalls often serve as barriers to the upstream distribution of predators and/or guppies. Such discontinuities ...

one of the most important subjects in 21 century in relation to sustainable urban development is urban form. urban form that is pattern of spatial distribution of human activities in a specific period can be divided into two kinds: compact city and urban sprawl. because there is a close relation between urban form and urban sustainability, urban planners have to know about urban pattern and for...

Polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to determine whether mosquito predators in wetland habitats feed on Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) larvae. Aquatic mosquito predators were collected from six wetlands near Lake Victoria in Mbita, Western Kenya. This study revealed that the whole positive rate of An. gambiae s.l. from 330 predators was 54.2%. The order of positive rate was th...

Predator-prey relationships are vital to ecosystem function and there is a need for greater predictive understanding of these interactions. We develop a geometric foraging model predicting minimum prey size scaling in marine and terrestrial vertebrate predators taking into account habitat dimensionality and biological traits. Our model predicts positive predator-prey size relationships on land ...

Interactions among predators can a have substantial effect on the total impact of the predator complex. We investigated the interaction between foliar-foraging (Coccinella septempunctata) and ground-foraging (Harpalus pennsylvanicus) predators of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) in a series of laboratory and field experiments. The intensity and direction of the interaction were determined by...