This paper explores parallels between on epts de ned in ryptography and on epts of biology at di erent levels of organization. Cryptographi settings, in luding the presen e of an eavesdropper are extensive in the realm of plants and animals. It also turns out that priniples of information prote tion show strong similarities between the two dis iplines: omputer s ien e and mole ular biology. Bio...

We describe the design, construction, and characterization of a medium-finesse Fabry–Pérot cavity for simultaneous frequency stabilization of two lasers operating at 960 and 780 nm wavelengths, respectively. The lasers are applied in experiments with ultracold rubidium Rydberg atoms, for which a combined laser linewidth similar to the natural Rydberg linewidth (≈ 10 kHz) is desired. The cavity,...

We discuss protein post-translational modification (PTM) from an information processing perspective. PTM at multiple sites on a protein creates a combinatorial explosion in the number of potential 'mod-forms', or global patterns of modification. Distinct mod-forms can elicit distinct downstream responses, so that the overall response depends partly on the effectiveness of a particular mod-form ...

Adding modular predicates yields a generalization of first-order logic FO over words. The expressive power of FO[<,MOD] with order comparison x < y and predicates for x ≡ i mod n has been investigated by Barrington, Compton, Straubing and Thérien. The study of FO[<,MOD]fragments was initiated by Chaubard, Pin and Straubing. More recently, Dartois and Paperman showed that definability in the two...

The best-studied Drosophila insulator complex consists of two BTB-containing proteins, the Mod(mdg4)-67.2 isoform and CP190, which are recruited to the chromatin through interactions with the DNA-binding Su(Hw) protein. It was shown previously that Mod(mdg4)-67.2 is critical for the enhancer-blocking activity of the Su(Hw) insulators and it differs from more than 30 other Mod(mdg4) isoforms by ...

We show that necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a semi-evenly partite star factorization of the symmetric complete tripartite digraph K~I,n2,n3 are (i) k is even, k 2 4 and (ii) nl = n2 = n3 == 0 (mod k(k -1)/3) for k == 0 (mod 6) and nl = n2 = n3 == 0 (mod k(k 1)) for k == 2,4 (mod 6).

Let h(m) = m mod 2. Let m = 5 i.e. 101 binary string, then h(m) = 5 = 25 ≡ 1 mod 2. Now if we change m = 5 to m = 6 i.e. binary string 101 to 110 then h(m) = 6 = 36 ≡ 0 mod 2. So if the message m has changed from even to odd or odd to even then we can detect it. However if m = 5 is modified to m = 7, then h(m) = 7 = 49 ≡ 1 mod 2. This change cannot be detected! Hence we cannot use h(m) = m mod ...

The notion of modular arithmetic is related to that of the remainder in Euclidean division. The operation of finding the remainder is sometimes referred to as the modulo operation, and denoted with ”mod” used as an infix operator. For example, the remainder of the division of 16 by 12 is denoted by 16 mod 12; as this remainder is 4, we have 16 mod 12 = 4. The congruence, indicated by ”≡” follow...

Introduction: Sleep deprivation can cause hyperalgesia and interfere with analgesic treatments. The aim of the present study was to establish an obligatory sleep-abstinence model and also evaluate the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of crocin on pain perception in Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 35 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ...