The currently available triple-frequency signals give rise to new prospects for precise point positioning (PPP). However, they also bring bias, such as time-varying parts of the phase bias in hardware receivers and satellites due fact that dual-frequency clock products cannot be directly applied observation. These parameters generate phase-based inter-frequency (PIFCB), which impacts PPP. PIFCB...

Recently, Imbs, Mumtaz, Ravn and Rey (2005; hereinafter IMRR) have argued that much of the PPP puzzle is due to upwardly-biased estimates of persistence. According to them, the source of the bias is the existence of heterogeneous price adjustment dynamics at the sectoral level that established time series or panel data methods fail to control for. This paper re-examines this claim in two steps....

Precise satellite orbits and clock information for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) allow zerodifference position solutions, also known as precise point positioning (PPP) to be calculated. In recent years numerical weather models (NWM) have undergone an improvement of spatial and temporal resolution. This makes them not only useful for the computation of mapping functions but also all...

Rid and Wendler propose the development of a Patient Preference Predictor (PPP), an actuarial model for predicting incapacitated patient's life-sustaining treatment preferences across a wide range of end-of-life scenarios. An actuarial approach to end-of-life decision making has enormous potential, but transferring the logic of actuarial prediction to end-of-life decision making raises several ...

The Precise Point Positioning Working Group within the Next Generation RTK SubCommission of IAG Commission 4 has been involved with Precise Point Positioning (PPP) developments for the past few years. The information presented here summarizes the Working Group’s findings concerning the state of PPP technology, and discusses the probable nearterm future potential and limitations of the technique...

Peelle’s Pertinent Puzzle (PPP) states a seemingly plausible set of measurements with their covariance matrix, which produce an implausible answer. To answer the PPP question, we describe a reasonable experimental situation that is consistent with the PPP solution. The confusion surrounding the PPP arises in part because of its imprecise statement, which permits to a variety of interpretations ...

We report on a study of the Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase (CP) time transfer boundary discontinuity by the use of the precise point positioning (PPP) technique. We first demonstrate that the pseudorange measurement noise leads to the boundary discontinuity by simulation. We also find that the boundary discontinuity is reduced by 10% 30% when executing PPP with the input of the I...

This paper argues how transparency can increase trust and therefore indirectly enhances the results of Public Private Partnerships in complex construction projects. Complex construction projects, e.g. large infrastructure or urban development projects, with public client organizations and private contractors, frequently run into problems. Public Private Partnership projects are characterised by...

APF: amicrobial pustulosis of the folds IBD: inflammatory bowel disease IFN-a: interferon-a PPP: palmoplantar pustulosis TNF-a: tumor necrosis factor-a INTRODUCTION Amicrobial pustulosis of the folds (APF) and palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) are 2 rare autoinflammatory neutrophilic dermatoses. Many studies report PPP triggered by treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with tumor necrosis f...

This paper employs the time-series negative binomial regression model (TNBM) to test the hypothesis effects of purchasing power parity (PPP) theory on the counts data of visitors to the north-west of Sweden (SW6 region). We consider a sample of monthly time-series count data from 1993:01 to 2008:12 taken from five countries: Denmark, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Japan and the United States....