OBJECTIVE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ligands attenuate angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced atherosclerosis through interactions with vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific PPARγ in hypercholesterolemic mice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of Ang II-mediated intracellular regulation of PPARγ in VSMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Incubatio...

BACKGROUND Anti-tumor properties of hydroxysafflor-yellow A (HSYA) have been recently revealed, as a series of apoptotic factors were confirmed to be regulated by HSYA and associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Gamma (PPARγ). In this study, we investigated the cell apoptosis mechanism of HSYA via activated PPARγ signal in human gastric carcinoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS B...

The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway appears to operate to maintain the undifferentiated state of preadipocytes by inhibiting adipogenic gene expression. To define the mechanisms regulating suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, we analysed the βcatenin expression in response to activation of transcription factors that regulate adipogenesis. The results show an extensive down-regulation of nu...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a member of the hormone-activated nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARγ can be activated by a diverse group of agents, such as endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), and thiazolidinedione (TZD) drugs. PPARγ induces antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and prodifferentiation pathways i...

Neuroinflammation is known to have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and curcumin has been reported to have therapeutical effects on AD because of its anti-inflammatory effects. Curcumin is not only a potent PPARγ agonist, but also has neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemic injury. However, whether PPARγ activated by curcumin is responsible for the anti-neuro...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties by inhibiting cyclooxygenases and blocking prostaglandin production. Previous studies, however, suggested that some NSAIDs also modulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), raising the possibility that such off target effects contribute to the spectrum of clinically re...

Endocannabinoids can affect multiple cellular targets, such as cannabinoid (CB) receptors, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The stimuli to induce adipocyte differentiation in hBM-MSCs increase the gene transcription of the CB1 receptor, TRPV1 and PPARγ. In this study, the effects of three endocan...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARγ, which is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, plays a major regulatory role in glucose metabolism and adipogenesis. Interestingly, recent studies have demonstrated PPARγ expression in monocytes/macrophages and its anti-inflammatory activit...

BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that exerts multiple biological effects. Growing evidence suggests that PPARγ plays an important role in inflammation; however, the effects of this transcription factor on the inflammation caused by smoking are unclear. METHODS We measured the expression of inflammatory cytokines (le...