In this paper, an energy-efficient switching scheme with additional quarter-reference voltage sources in a successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is proposed for low power and small area device frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar transceivers. Recently, state-of-the-art ADCs have adopted configuration that also uses Vref/2 as the reference of to i...

A traditional whip antenna is suitable for terrestrial wireless communication due to its omnidirectional radiation pattern which capable of transmitting and receiving signals from all directions. However, the length a long very high frequency (VHF) band applications; example, ideal 80 cm at 90 MHz, restrains mobility when mounted on vehicle. Many studies have been conducted develop low-profile ...

in the last quarter of the century, a substantial amount of research work has been conducted on optimization of energy consumption by refrigeration systems and on proper design and construction of household refrigerator-freezers. the importance of such energy optimization schemes stems from the environmental impacts of freon (r-12) used as the working refrigerant in household refrigerator – fre...

The realization of ultra low-loss dielectric reflection gratings with diffraction efficiencies between 7% and 0.02% is presented. By placing the grating beneath the highly reflective layerstack scattering was significantly reduced. This concept allows the all-reflective coupling of high laser radiation to high finesse cavities, thereby circumventing thermal effects caused by absorption in the s...

one of the most important concerns in tehran municipal landfill is the production of leachate and its potential for water resources pollution, this study was undertaken to examine feasibility of biological and physico/chemical treating of high-strength landfill leachate that was collected from tehran municipal landfill. average cod of the leachate in aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor is 68...