Since the publication of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study followed by the results of the Million Women Study (MWS), the role of hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women has been further challenged. The risks attributed to hormone therapy have been overestimated and the data has been wrongly extrapolated to the whole class of therapies. The trends in postmenopausal hormonal therapy seem...

Consciousness about climacteric and menopausal symptoms in relationship to menopausal stage and mental health was investigated. Midlife women (N = 407, 40-60 years old) were asked about their menstrual status, consciousness of climacteric and menopausal symptoms, self-esteem and depression. Based on their menstrual status, 222 participants were divided into three groups (pre-menopause, peri-men...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the intensity of pain reported by patients undergoing outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy. METHODS Exam performed with a 5-mm lens hysteroscope, vaginal speculum, tenaculum and uterine distention with carbon dioxide gas. Before and after the examination, patients were interviewed to define, in a verbal scale from 0 to 10, pain values that they expected to feel and that th...

BACKGROUND Quantification of the association between menopausal status and risk of lung cancer is inconsistent. We carried out a meta-analysis of available studies to examine this issue. METHODS Relevant articles were identified by searching PudMed and Embase databases. Reference lists from selected papers were also reviewed. A random-effect model was used to calculate summary odds ratios (OR...

Objective To characterise symptoms experienced by women during the transition into natural menopause, to classify women into distinct symptom profiles or trajectories, and to relate these profiles to sociodemographic factors and health behaviours. Design Nationally representative cohort study. Setting England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants 695 women followed-up since birth in 1946 and annua...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of acupuncture and sham-acupuncture on women with menopausal symptoms as reflected in the intensity of their hot flushes and the Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI). METHOD This was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial with 81 patients assigned to two groups: Group 1 received 12 months of acupuncture, then 6 months of sham-acupunctur...

OBJECTIVE Hormonal changes during menopausal transition are linked to physical and psychological symptoms' emergence. This study aims to explore if life events predict menopausal symptoms. METHODS This cross-sectional research encompasses a community sample of 992 women who answered to socio-demographic, health, menopause-related and lifestyle questionnaires; menopausal symptoms and life even...

Epidemiological studies of reserpine use and breast cancer have generally found only small increases in breast cancer risk, even after long-term use. Prolactin levels in short-term reserpine users have been reported to be in the range of those of lactating women, levels which rodent experiments suggest should greatly increase breast cancer incidence. We measured prolactin levels in 15 women who...

INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome disorders and the occurrence of these disorders greatly contributes to the deficiency of vitamin D. Postmenopausal women are particularly prone to that deficiency. AIM The aim of the study was to assess vitamin D concentration in the plasma of pre- and postmenopausal women, with or without metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL...

Masculinity in male faces is thought to be a sign of mate quality and is associated with measures of long-term health. Previous studies have demonstrated that women's masculinity preferences change across the menstrual cycle with women preferring more masculine men during phases of the menstrual cycle where fertility is highest (i.e. the late follicular phase). Given the hormonal correlates of ...