We reviewed 188 patients at one to 20 years (mean 9.5) after surgery for anterior shoulder instability. Twenty-one had shown bilateral instability at the time of surgery, and 26 of the remaining 167 subsequently developed instability of the contralateral shoulder, giving an overall incidence of 24% bilateral involvement. Fourteen of these patients ultimately required bilateral surgery. The onse...

Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) is caused by injury to the lateral collateral ligament complex, usually from elbow dislocation; fracture dislocation, iatrogenic injury, or varus malalignment of the elbow. This is characterized by the external rotation of the radius and ulna in reference to the distal humerus. Further, it is manifested as posterior subluxation of the radial head in re...

Knee ligament instability may lead to meniscal and chondral damage, resulting in early osteoarthritis. Due to its superior soft tissue contrast and avoidance of harmful ionizing radiation, MRI has become the most important imaging modality for early recognition of structural defects of the knee joint. This review aims to the understanding of MRI appearances of knee ligament structures associate...

Recently, Kim and others (2009) proposed a stock market instability index ( SMII ) and a corresponding p-value using a nonparametric model fitted to a stable period. However, this SMII has failed to explain the 2008 global financial market crisis because its data-driven approach relies excessively on data from the stable period upon which it is based. To resolve this problem, this study conside...

Spinal tuberculous abscesses usually respond to anti-tuberculous drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical drainage after failure of first-line anti-tuberculous drugs. Patients with spinal instability or vertebral collapse were excluded from the study. The authors retrospectively reviewed 11 patients. The operation was successful in all patients. Anterior/posterio...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate and strengthen the posterior segment of the gluteus medius. DESIGN A technical description of a novel examination and rehabilitation protocol. SETTING The gluteus medius, primarily a hip abductor, serves several important functions in the athlete. Weakness of the gluteus medius has been linked to injuries in the shoulder and iliotibial band, as well as ankle instabili...