Unilateral condylar hyperplasia is an uncommon condition with unknown etiology which causes overdevelopment of condyle leading to facial asymmetry, mandibular deviation, malocclusion, and articulation dysfunction. Two Indian families with unilateral condylar hyperplasia are presented where the similar abnormality was also detected in one of their parents. The condylar hyperplasia in these two f...

The anterior-posterior axis of the mouse embryo is defined before formation of the primitive streak, and axis specification and subsequent anterior development involves signaling from both embryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm. T he Wnt signaling pathway is essential for various developmental processes, but a role in anterior-posterior axis formation in the mouse has not been previously esta...

SUMMARY: Background: Condylar fracture have been probably the most mismanaged fractures throughout history. They were either not treated because of improper diagnosis or managed minimally using external bandages to immobilise mandible. If left untreated, condylar lead temporomandibular disorders like ankylosis, dysfunction, chronic dislocation and pain. Even though many authors classify based o...

Adaptive remodelling of the condylar cartilage in response to mandibular protrusion constitutes the rationale for bite-jumping appliances to solicit growth modification. By investigating the expression of type X collagen and capillary endothelium, this study was designed to evaluate the osteogenic transition of chondrogenesis during adaptive remodelling of condylar cartilage and compare it with...

Recent emerging data indicate that the increase in the expression and activity of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgf-β1) signaling may have detrimental effect to mature articular cartilage of knee joints. However, there is no information about whether or not this is the case in condylar cartilages. The objective of this study is to investigate the protein expression and activity of Tgf-...