BACKGROUND Studies indicate that differences in trait anxiety and trauma-related distress may mediate the gender differences observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE We examined the contributions of gender, trait anxiety, and trauma-related distress to the development of PTSD after an industrial disaster. METHODS Three months after a massive explosion in a fireworks facto...

The appropriate control of emotional responses evoked by environmental stimuli is an important innate mechanism for ensuring quality of life and even for survival. Inappropriate responses and decreased abilities to adjust to changed environmental situations can lead to psychiatric disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorders, phobia and depression. Endocannabinoid signalling has emerged as...

introduction:this study examined the effects of administration of subcutaneous β-estradiol on ptsd-like symptoms (the enhanced conditioned fear response, cfr) that induced by a single-prolonged stress (sps) and shock in rats. adult male wistar rats were exposed to sps procedure: restraint for 2 h, forced swim for 20 min, and ether anesthesia. then the rats were placed in fear conditioning syste...

following a personal, community or national crisis or disaster there is a need to provide some form of early intervention and crisis support. the essential components of successful early interventions include planning, education, training and support for those affected. the goal of all early interventions should be to maximize the likelihood of a positive mental health outcome using the person’...

This article examines the growth in research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has expanded dramatically since its introduction in 1980. There are now over 350 articles indexed in Medline each year that refer to PTSD in their title. PTSD accounted for 16% of anxiety disorder research in the early 1980s, growing to one third by 2005.

We examined the effect of disclosing to others an attempted or completed rape. Eighty-five undergraduate women who acknowledged attempted or completed rape wrote about their experience and read their narratives. In a 2 x 2 design, we examined the value of writing only factual information versus factual plus emotional information, and reading to oneself versus reading aloud to another woman. Bef...

BACKGROUND Past studies have shown that adversity may yield various salutogenic outcomes. two constructs that have been at the center of this scientific investigation are resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG). the present study aims to clarify the relations between posttraumatic stress symptoms, resilience and PTG among israeli war veterans. METHOD the sample includes former prisoners of ...

The purpose of this article is to describe the current state-of-the-art regarding the co-occurrence of the anxiety disorders and chronic pain. First, we describe the core characteristics of chronic pain and its co-occurrence with the anxiety disorders. Second, we review data on the prevalence of co-occurrence. Third, we describe the mutual maintenance and shared vulnerability models, both of wh...

This present study examined the structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a large sample of Chinese adolescents exposed to a deadly earthquake. A total of 2,800 middle school students aged 12 to 18 years participated in the study 6 months after the "Wenchuan Earthquake". Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a five-factor intercorrelated model composed of in...

BACKGROUND Despite substantial research on the comorbidity of anxiety disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these conditions that might be potentially similar. Evoked pain sensitivity is one factor that has been associated with several pain conditions which might also have relevance to anxiety disorders and PTS...