Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely available transcription products of more than 200 nucleotides with unrecognizable coding potential. A large number lncRNAs have been identified in different plants. involved various basic biological processes at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels as key regulatory molecules, including regulation flowering time reproductive o...

Recent advanced studies have demonstrated that post-transcriptional gene regulation is involved in many aspects of biological processes and in the pathogenesis of various types of disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In addition to transcriptional regulation, spatially and temporally regulated gene expression is achieved by the post-transcriptional con...

In the psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, the production of several enzymes that otherwise differ in their cell location, growth phase production and inducibility appeared to be similarly regulated by the growth temperature. In order to determine the level of this regulation, the expression of the apo and lip genes encoding two of these enzymes, the acidic phosphatase and lipase,...

A phenotypic hallmark of cancer is aberrant transcriptional regulation. Transcriptional regulation controlled by a complicated array molecular factors, including the presence transcription deposition histone post-translational modifications, and long-range DNA interactions. Determining identity function these various factors necessary to understand specific aspects biology reveal potential ther...

Proper regulation of gene expression is required by bacterial pathogens to respond to continually changing environmental conditions and the host response during the infectious process. While transcriptional regulation is perhaps the most well understood form of controlling gene expression, recent studies have demonstrated the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene regulation that...

Gene expression can be regulated through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Transcription in eukaryotes produces pre-mRNA molecules, which are processed and spliced post-transcriptionally to create translatable mRNAs. More than one mRNA may be produced from a single pre-mRNA by alternative splicing (AS); thus, AS serves to diversify an organism's transcriptome and proteome. Pr...

MicroRNAs and siRNAs, both of which are AGO-bound small RNAs, are essential for mammalian spermatogenesis. Although their precise germline roles remain largely uncharacterized, recent discoveries suggest that they function in mechanisms beyond microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional control, playing roles in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation within the nucleus. Here, we discuss the lates...