Let R be a ring with center Z, Jacobson radical J , and set N of all nilpotent elements. Call R generalized periodic-like if for all x ∈ R \ (N ∪ J ∪ Z) there exist positive integers m, n of opposite parity for which xm − xn ∈ N ∩ Z. We identify some basic properties of such rings and prove some results on commutativity. Let R be a ring; and let N = N(R), Z = Z(R) and J = J(R) denote respective...

Given a finite (associative, unital) ring R, let K(R) denote the set of polynomials in R[x] that send each element of R to 0 under evaluation. We study K(R) and its elements. We conjecture that K(R) is a two-sided ideal of R[x] for any finite ring R, and prove the conjecture for several classes of finite rings (including commutative rings, semisimple rings, local rings, and all finite rings of ...

the rings considered in this article are commutative with identity $1neq 0$. by a proper ideal of a ring $r$,  we mean an ideal $i$ of $r$ such that $ineq r$.  we say that a proper ideal $i$ of a ring $r$ is a  maximal non-prime ideal if $i$ is not a prime ideal of $r$ but any proper ideal $a$ of $r$ with $ isubseteq a$ and $ineq a$ is a prime ideal. that is, among all the proper ideals of $r$,...

We construct the H-von Neumann regular radical for H-module algebras and show that it is an H-radical property. We obtain that the Jacobson radical of twisted graded algebra is a graded ideal. For twisted H-module algebra R, we also show that rj(R#σH) = rHj(R)#σH and the Jacobson radical of R is stable, when k is an algebraically closed field or there exists an algebraic closure F of k such tha...

Let (R,m) denote an n-dimensional Gorenstein ring. For an ideal I ⊂ R of height c we are interested in the endomorphism ring B = HomR(H c I (R),H c I (R)). It turns out that B is a commutative ring. In the case of (R, m) a regular local ring containing a field B is a Cohen-Macaulay ring. Its properties are related to the highest Lyubeznik number l = dimk Ext d R(k, H c I (R)). In particular R ≃...

We study several degrees in defining a fuzzy positive implicative filter, which is a generalization of a fuzzy filter in BE-algebras.

Using the notion of bipolar-valued fuzzy sets, the concepts of bipolar fuzzy (weak, s-weak, strong) hyper BCK-ideals are introduced, and their relations are discussed in [3]. Further properties are investigated in this article. We show that if Φ = (H ;μΦ , μ N Φ ) is a bipolar fuzzy (weak, strong) hyper BCK-ideal of a hyper BCK-algebra H, then the set I := {x ∈ H | μΦ(x) = μΦ(0), μΦ (x) = μΦ (0...

Hilbert algebras are important tools for certain investigations in algebraic logic since they can be considered as fragments of any propositional logic containing a logical connective implication and the constant 1 which is considered as the logical value “true”. The concept of Hilbert algebras was introduced in the 50-ties by L. Henkin and T. Skolem (under the name implicative models) for inve...

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $mathbb{A}(R)$ be the set   of ideals of $R$ with non-zero annihilators. In this paper, we first introduce and investigate the principal ideal subgraph of the annihilating-ideal graph of $R$, denoted by $mathbb{AG}_P(R)$. It is a (undirected) graph with vertices $mathbb{A}_P(R)=mathbb{A}(R)cap mathbb{P}(R)setminus {(0)}$, where   $mathbb{P}(R)$ is...

In this paper, we investigate the ideal theory in BCK-algebras and we define the notions of primary and P -primary ideals. Then we show that in bounded implicative BCK-algebras, if an ideal has a primary decomposition, then it has a reduced primary decomposition. In the follow, we extend the above concepts to X-modules (Extended BCK-modules) and we introduce the notions of primary and P -primar...