In this study, we analysed the thermal performance, thermal stability and optimum design analyses of a longitudinal, rectangular fin with temperature-dependent, thermal properties and internal heat generation under multi-boiling heat transfer using Haar wavelet collocation method. The effects of the key and controlling parameters on the thermal performance of the fin are investigated. The therm...

Fish are a potentially rich source of inspiration for the design of smart materials. Fish exemplify the use of flexible materials to generate forces during locomotion, and a hallmark of fish functional design is the use of body and fin deformation to power propulsion and maneuvering. As a result of nearly 500 million years of evolutionary experimentation, fish design has a number of interesting...

A highly conserved TGF-&bgr; signaling pathway is involved in the establishment of the dorsoventral axis of the vertebrate embryo. Specifically, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (Bmps) pattern ventral tissues of the embryo while inhibitors of Bmps, such as Chordin, Noggin and Follistatin, are implicated in dorsal mesodermal and neural development. We investigated the role of Tolloid, a metalloprotea...

Advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has allowed conservation biologists to use small portions of tissue to obtain genetic material for population genetic and taxonomic study. Fin clips are used extensively in large-sized fishes, but it is unclear how clipping enough fin tissue for genetic analysis will affect survival of smaller fishes such as minnows and darters, which are among the ...

As a result of years of research on the comparative biomechanics and physiology of moving through water, biologists and engineers have made considerable progress in understanding how animals moving underwater use their muscles to power movement, in describing body and appendage motion during propulsion, and in conducting experimental and computational analyses of fluid movement and attendant fo...

A full understanding of the mechanics of locomotion can be achieved by incorporating descriptions of (1) three-dimensional kinematics of propulsor movement, (2) material properties of the propulsor, (3) power input and control and (4) the fluid dynamics effects of propulsor motion into (5) a three-dimensional computational framework that models the complexity of propulsors that deform and chang...

Gelatin and oil from three species of tuna fish, Thunnus albacares (yellow-fin tuna), Thunnus tonggol (long-tail tuna), and Katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack tuna) were extracted to study the factors affecting yield. Factors studied included organ (fin or skin), catch location (Chah bahar, Bushehr, Bandar-e abbas), season (summer or winter) and species (the three species). To extract gelatin and oil...

Topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva was firstly recorded in Europe in southern Romania and Albania. This species was firstly determined from the Thrace region of Turkey in 1984 in the River Meriç. In this research, samples collected from four different stations between March 2010 and June 2011. A total of 81 P. parva individuals were caught by using drift-nets with a mesh-size of 10 mm, and ...

*Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; ‡Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40351 Jyväskylä, Finland; §Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH), CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland; and ¶Department of Vi...

1) Systems Analysis Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1100, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland 2) Department of Ecology and Systematics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 3) Adaptive Dynamics Network, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria 4) Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Univer...