There are no appreciable amounts of nickel resources in Iran; therefore, secondary resources of this element are to be more considered in future. Spent nickel catalysts that are used in various industrial processes are one of them. For example nickel catalyst that is used in hydrogenation of edible oil have large amounts of nickel and they are generally supported on porous materials like silica...

Hierarchical porous carbon nanostructures doped with nitrogen or other active elements have been demonstrated to be of importance in enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. However, their intrinsic limited active sites usually make them exhibit lower ORR activity than commercial Pt/C. In order to solve well this challenging issue, herein we develop a simple method for encapsulat...

Background Catalysts improve the rate or selectivity of chemical reactions without being consumed in the chemical reaction. “Supported heterogeneous catalysts” consist of catalytic active sites carried on the surfaces of porous solids, known as “supports”. Such catalytic materials are especially important for chemical manufacturing because they minimize the loss of valuable catalytic materials ...

The conversion of glycerol in supercritical water (SCW) was studied at 510 – 550°C and a pressure of 350 bars using both a bed of inert and non-porous ZrO2 particles (hydrothermal experiments), and a bed of 1 % Ru/ZrO2 catalyst particles. Experiments were conducted with a glycerol concentration of 5 wt% in a continuous isothermal fixed-bed reactor at a residence time between 2 and 10 s. Hydroth...

Increased oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, improved CO tolerance, and more efficient water and heat management represent significant advantages that high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs) operating with a phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane offer over traditional Nafion-based, low-temperature PEFCs. However, before such HT-PEFCs become viable, the...

Selective catalysts for sustainable production of fuels and commodity chemicals are important due to the abundance of the raw materials in the nature. Most of these reactions require multiple active sites due to the complexity of the reactions involved. In view of this, we have synthesized a multifunctional catalyst for the selective synthesis of C4 hydrocarbons from ethanol. The reason for sel...

A carbon-based solid acid catalyst (CHACS) derived corncob residual was prepared by incomplete hydrothermal carbonization followed by activation with phosphoric acid impregnation and sulfuric acid sulfonation. The structure of the solid acid catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron mi...

Because of their various potential applications, non-porous, selective oxygen permeable ceramic membranes with mixed ionic and electronic conductivity (MIECs) have received significant interest over the past decade [1-8]. In particular, the incorporation of these materials into catalytic reactors for the oxidation of hydrocarbons is being investigated as a way to eliminate costly air separation...

Porous organic polymers (POPs) are widely used in various areas such as adsorption, separation and catalysis. In the present work, ionic liquid-modified porous (IL-POPs) synthesized by dispersion polymerization were applied to immobilize metallocene catalysts for olefin polymerization. The prepared IL-POPs characterized Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), nitrogen sorption porosime...