Description Logics [1] are logical formalisms for representing information about classes and objects. They are very often used as the basis of knowledge representation systems and have been used recently to develop OWL semantic web language, which can be viewed as an expressive Description Logic. There is an impressive variety of Description Logics with diverse expressiveness and complexity, or...

The effect of (a huge number of) pumping holes on beam dynamics and stability, described in terms of coupling impedances, is a fundamental issue and has been carefully investigated, both theoretically [1] and experimentally [2]. With the exception of a few very simple pipe geometris, for which the modal expansion of the electromagnetic field is available, beam coupling impedances can be only co...

Two lignan sulfates, a stilbene derivative and a phenol sulfate, together with 10 known compounds, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the root of Polygonum cuspidatum. The new compounds were elucidated based on chemical evidence and spectroscopic techniques including two-dimensional NMR methods. They exhibited no inhibition of lipid peroxidation and no cytotoxic and DNA cleavage activities.

– The achene morphology of 20 taxa in five sections of Polygonum s.l. from Thailand was studied and compared in detail using stereoscopic light and scanning electron microscopy. The achene of all Thai taxa is typically lenticular or triangular in shape. Three different morphological types are described according to the features of the achene surface; smooth-undulate, a star-like form and reticu...

In this study the phenolic compounds piceid, resveratrol and emodin were extracted from P. cuspidatum roots using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Multiple response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of these phenolic compounds. A three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of the operation parameters, includin...

In this lecture, the early history of asymptotic freedom is discussed. The first completely correct derivation of β0 in non-abelian gauge theory (Khriplovich, 1969) was done in the Coulomb gauge; this derivation is reproduced (in modernized terms) in Sect. 2. A qualitative physical explanation of asymptotic freedom via chromomagnetic properties of vacuum (Nielsen, 1981) is discussed in Sect. 3.