Using data from a 1992 nationally representative survey of the elderly in urban China, this study examines the impact of political and economic reforms on income stratification. Drawing upon the existing literature on the differential impact of market reforms in socialist states, we develop and test three hypotheses: one stressing the increasing importance of returns to human capital, one stres...

This article explores how the party-defined dimensionality of political competition relates to the number of parties competing in legislative elections. It demonstrates that a mathematical relationship between the number of electoral parties and the literature’s concept of dimensionality follows from the variables’ definitions; conversely, it argues that exploring the relationship between the n...

This article focuses on the historical confrontation between Western obstetrical medicine and indigenous midwifery in nineteenth-century Siam (Thailand). Beginning with the campaign of medical missionaries to reform Siamese obstetrical care, it explores the types of arguments that were employed in the contest between these two forms of expert knowledge. Missionary-physicians used their anatomic...

This study aims to find and explain the motivation for transactional communication between political elite agrarian community in 2015 Pilkada North Konawe Regency. Data collection techniques through interview instruments, shadowing by following elite, participatory observation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), documentation studies.The results showed that society was: (1) Political Interest Motiva...

Elite Dominance and Under-Investment in Mass Education: Disparity in the Social Development of the Indian States, 1960-92 Interand intra-state disparities in levels of literacy rates in India are striking, especially for the marginalized groups of women and low caste population. The present paper offers an explanation of this disparate development in terms of elite dominance that discriminates ...

The great puzzle of Caribbean history in the mid-19th century is that this was a time of radical institutional change – with all but one of the long-established Caribbean parliaments voting themselves out of existence inside a twenty-year window – despite very stable conditions in the (exogenous) terms-of-trade and in the (endogenous) local plantation economy. This paper argues that the post-sl...

BACKGROUND. Sex-specific differences in attitudes and behaviors, arising from a division of human nature into male and female types, have been core findings of evolutionary psychology and are now among its key investigational presumptions. These differences have largely been ignored by mainstream political and social theories. METHOD. I explored one potential path toward incorporation, using ''...

Despite a massive worldwide crisis of biodiversity loss, there have been considerable successes in global conservation.1 An ever-increasing amount of land is contained in protected areas, which now cover over 12 percent of the world’s land surface area, and over 25 percent in some countries.2 International conservation NGOs are growing in size and inouence, and global political structures give ...

INTERFACE is an integrated software implemented in Matlab© and created to speed-up the procedure for building an emotive/expressive talking head. Various processing tools, working on dynamic articulatory data physically extracted by an optotracking 3D movement analyzer called ELITE, were implemented to build the animation engine and also to create the correct WAV and FAP files needed for the an...

I examine the role of recall elections in Peruvian municipalities to evaluate whether they are used as a tool increase political accountability. test theoretical assumptions elite mobil...