Corresponding author: Duck Hwan Choi, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50, Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea. Tel: 82-2-3410-0369, Fax: 82-2-3410-0361, E-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License...

We report a new potentially dangerous complication of nasal continuous positive airway pressure applied for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A middle-aged woman had cerebrospinal fluid leak after using nasal CPAP, with generalized seizures and pneumocephalus. She did fine with conservative therapy for the CSF leak and discontinuation of nasal CPAP.

The most common causes of intracranial air are head trauma and neurosurgical procedures. Less common etiologies include infection due to gas-forming organisms, mucoceles, tumours, congenital neuroenteric cysts, and dural defects. Here, we present a case of a frontal sinus osteoma associated with longstanding pneumocephalus.

Osteomas of paranasal sinuses are common benign tumors and are diagnosed incidentally. However, osteomas complicated by pneumocephalus with air fluid level presenting with progressive hemiparesis is rare. Here, we present a case report of a 22-year-old male who presented with left-sided progressive hemiparesis with history of generalized headache since 2 years.

Pneumosinus dilatans (PSD) refers to an abnormally enlarged, air-filled paranasal sinus without radiological evidence of localized bone destruction, hyperostosis, or mucous membrane thickening. This disorder has been associated with meningioma, especially optic nerve sheath meningioma, but its pathophysiology remains unclear. Spontaneous pneumocephalus is an exceptional presentation of PSD and,...