Background: Chemokines, proteins that operate within the body's immune system, play numerous roles in menstruation, bacterial infection, implantation of embryos, and the maintenance of early pregnancy. They are also strongly related to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Materials and Methods: This is review article that were indentifical by computer search of MEDLINE (1984- 2013). Results:...

When a patient with an undiagnosed pleural effusion is evaluated, the first question to answer is whether the patient has a transudate or an exudate. This is best done using Light's criteria, but these criteria occasionally misidentify a transudate as an exudate. If the patient's pleural fluid meets exudative criteria, but the patient appears clinically to have a transudative effusion, then the...

Objectives. To study the diagnostic value of pleural fluid cholesterol in differentiating transudative and exudative pleural effusion. To compare pleural fluid cholesterol level for exudates with Light's criteria. Design. Cross sectional descriptive study. Settings. Medical wards of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Methods. Sixty two cases of pleural effusion with definite clinical diagn...

BACKGROUND Definite diagnosis of transudative or exudative pleural fluids often presents a diagnostic dilemma. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether amino-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in pleural fluid has a diagnostic value for discriminating heart-failure-related pleural effusions from non-heart-failure effusions. METHODS Sixty-six subjects (40 male, mean age...

STUDY OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of the pleural fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level with the diagnostic category and with the pleural fluid characteristics in a group of 70 patients. DESIGN The VEGF levels of consecutive patients undergoing therapeutic thoracentesis were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SETTING...

Introduction: Tuberculous pleurisy is one of the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) level in the effusions is advocated to have a high diagnostic yield in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy as well as pericardial and peritoneal effusions due to TB. The diagnostic yield of ADA measurement in other materials such as abscess content ha...

objective: guidelines have recommended that structured programs to support fungal peritonitis in cancer patients should be introduced. the role of fungi in causing peritonitis is rare, but fungal peritonitis has high morbidity and mortality. the abdominal fullness may be secondary to the fungi accumulation of peritoneal fluid. the isolation of fungi, particularly candida from peritoneal fluid s...

Background: Endometriosis is a common gynecological syndrom. Its etiology is still not fully understand .A great number of studies reported increase NO concentration, with altered peritoneal immune defence reaction, was involved in pathogenesis of endometriosis. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of NO synthase. Elevated ADMA level is associated with reduced syst...

Introduction We investigated whether tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) in pleural effusions and serum can be used to distinguish pleural effusion aetiology. Materials and methods During the first thoracentesis, we measured pleural fluid and serum tumour marker concentrations and c...