Tunnel opening or excavation in the strain-softening rock masses primarily leads to initial stress release and deformation. The increasing plastic shear strain induces a nonlinear variation of dilatancy masses. Therefore, tunnel stability is strongly dependent on state behaviors In view this, this paper proposes an elastoplastic finite difference solution based triple-shear element (TS) unified...

PURPOSE Extensive tunnel expansion in hamstring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can complicate revision surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine our hypothesis that compaction of a bone dowel into the tibial tunnel reduces the cross-sectional area of the tunnel on the day of surgery and limits tunnel expansion to that of the cross-sectional area of the reamer at 4 month...

With the complex of the tunnel construction, tunnel construction become more and more difficult, in order to ensure the safety of tunnel construction, the paper introduced a kind of tunnel construction monitoring system based on sensor. The system achieves the real-time monitoring of tunnel construction environment including temperature and humidity, gas concentration, dust concentration, locat...

Tophaceous gout is a recognized cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. Of 2649 carpal tunnel releases, 15 hands in 13 patients were identified with tophaceous gout in the carpal tunnel. The incidence of tophaceous gout in the carpal tunnel was 0.6%. Twelve of 13 patients were male, and 8 of 10 patients with a history of gout developed carpal tunnel syndrome despite adequate medical treatment. Thus, c...

Carpal tunnel syndrome is diagnosed by clinical symptoms, Tinel's sign, Phalen's test and electromyography. Carpal tunnel pressure measurement can also aid in the precise identification of excessive pressure sites that indicate locations for release. In this study, pressure measurements made during endoscopic carpal tunnel release at 5 points were significantly higher anywhere in the carpal tun...

In engineering practice, numerical simulations of deep tunneling are commonly based on isotropic linear–elastic perfectly plastic rock models. Rock, however, exhibits highly nonlinear and distinct direction-dependent mechanical behavior. The former is characterized by irreversible deformation, associated with strain hardening softening, the degradation stiffness; latter due to inherent structur...

A FOUNDATION FOR TUNNEL-COMPLEX PROTOCOLS Alwyn E. Goodloe Carl A. Gunter Tunnel-complex protocols construct different tunnel topologies by directing tunnelestablishment protocols to set up pair-wise tunnels between different nodes, where the resulting tunnel complex satisfies some security requirement such as negotiating a defense in depth. Such protocols ease the burden on network managers de...

Different antibiotics have different characteristics but the aspect of antibiotic stability is the main concern of the pharmacist when dispensing the drug. The stability of drug such as chemical stability, physical stability, microbiological stability, therapeutic stability and toxicological stability will ensure its therapeutic effect. There are some factors that may affect antibiotics’ effect...

OBJECTIVES To provide the practicing surgeon with data to make an informed economic decision regarding conversion from analog to digital photography. METHODS A cost analysis of photography based on 35-mm vs digital platforms (low-, medium-, and high-cost hardware). RESULTS Break-even thresholds for the investment in a digital platform of low, medium, and high costs were 3674, 15,789, and 34...