Plastic zone evolution in Al–2 wt% Si metal films on silicon and sapphire substrates was studied using nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM was used to measure the extent of plastic pileup, which is a measure of the plastic zone radius in the film. It was found that the plastic zone size develops in a self-similar fashion with increasing indenter penetration when normalized by...

INTRODUCTION Relative value units (RVUs) were developed as a quantifier of requisite training, knowledge, and technical expertise for performing various procedures. In select procedures, increasing RVUs have been shown to substitute well for increasing surgical complexity and have been linked to greater risk of complications. The relationship of RVU to outcomes has yet to be examined in the pla...

Background. The goals of this project were to evaluate the current perspective on letters of recommendation and to assess the need for, and acceptance of, a more standardized letter of recommendation (LOR). Methods. An eight-question survey was distributed to plastic surgery program directors. A five-point Likert scale was selected as a means of quantifying the participants' responses to the su...

Many beginning writers, especially medical residents, feel difficulties in writing journal articles. However, illogical and un-scientific papers are not accepted for publication even if their topics are creative and interesting. The authors should do their best to convince reviewers and readers of their opinions using evidence through reasoning, explanation, and data interpretation. The aim of ...

BACKGROUND Various studies have been conducted in many countries to determine the perception/awareness about plastic surgery. The present study assessed the views of college students about plastic surgery. METHODS A questionnaire consisted of nine questions regarding the basic knowledge about plastic surgery was randomly distributed among college students. The students were given 20 minutes t...

A theoretical model for estimation of the bone-to-implant interfacial shear strength induced by implant surface roughness has been developed. Two different assumptions regarding the constitutive behaviour of the interfacial bone were made. 1) The bone exhibits an ideally plastic deformation – the plastic mode. 2) The bone exhibits a linearly elastic deformation – the elastic mode. In the plasti...

Abstract—A model to predict the plastic zone size for material under plane stress condition has been developed and verified experimentally. The developed model is a function of crack size, crack angle and material property (dislocation density). Simulation and validation results show that the model developed show good agreement with experimental results. Samples of low carbon steel (0.035%C) wi...

TION um damage mechanics (CDM) models, particularly when into finite element models, offer the potential for g the damage accumulation process and the risk of eal skeletal structures. For example, Zysset and Curnier ite general inviscid, isotropic damage model to cancellous the central assumption that plastic flow and damage n are intrinsically related [1]. With evidence from our [2] and others...