BACKGROUND Several studies have indicated that one of the most potent mediators involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study was designed to determine whether airway VEGF level reflects pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with bronchitis-type of COPD. METHODS VEGF levels in induced sputum were examined in 23 control subjects (12 non-...

The present study investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status, using measures of occupational class and education level, and the prevalence and incidence of asthma (with and without atopy) and chronic bronchitis using data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Asthma and chronic bronchitis were studied prospectively within the ECRHS (n = 9,023). Incidence...

Infectious bronchitis is an acute viral disease with high contagious and mortality among chicks. The aim of this study was to survey of relation between ascites syndrome incidence and infectious bronchitis in broiler chickens by ELISA method in Iran. Eight Ross strain broiler farm affected by infectious bronchitis were selected in this study. Blood samples were gathered early stages of disease ...

Waterpipe smoking and its association with chronic bronchitis has not been assessed in Lebanon. This case-control study in Beirut in 2009/2010 evaluated this relationship: 274 cases of chronic bronchitis and 559 controls without the condition aged > or = 40 years were enrolled. Data were collected by questionnaire on: sociodemographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, smoking (waterpipe an...

Chronic bronchitis is responsible for a greater annual mortality in Great Britain than any other single respiratory disease, and its incidence is far higher in this country than anywhere else in the world (Oswald, 1958), yet relatively few comprehensive studies of the pathogenesis of the condition have been published. Considerable attention has been paid recently to the factor of infection in c...

BACKGROUND Many international volunteer groups provide free reconstructive plastic surgery for the poor and underserved in developing countries. An essential issue in providing this care is that it meets consistent guidelines for both quality and safety-a topic that has been addressed previously. An equally important consideration is how to provide that care in an ethical manner. No literature ...

INTRODUCTION: During the 2015–2016 academic year, plastic surgery residents accounted for nearly 4.2% of surgical residents and 0.8% of residents overall. While the number of residency programs and allotted residency positions in plastic surgery have been steadily increasing in recent years, little information exists regarding residents who are accepted for plastic surgery residency but never m...

INTRODUCTION The WHO Safer Surgery checklist has become an important component of perioperative safety. Our objective, was to determine the compliance of completing the checklist for paediatric emergency plastic surgery patients at our unit. METHODS An initial baseline was performed with 70 patients over two months at our unit. Following this, we raised awareness at an audit meeting and close...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking cannot fully explain the epidemiologic characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women, particularly for those who rarely smoke, but COPD risk is not less than men. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and chronic bronchitis in Taiwanese women. METHODS We used Taiwan's National He...