We present experimental measurements of light backscattered from double-scale randomly rough surfaces (oceanlike surfaces) with different statistical parameters illuminated at small and large angles of incidence. The surfaces are composed of a small-scale roughness superimposed on a slowly (large-scale) varying surface. The large-scale surfaces are diamond-machined periodic surfaces made on alu...

The term 'Crohn's syndrome' is preferred to that of Crohn's disease as this is a condition of unknown, single, or possibly multiple aetiology. There are a large number of synonyms, including terminal ileitis, regional ileitis, regional or segmented colitis. It affects ileum or colon, alone or in combination. The disease manifests itself by well-demarcated areas of thickened bowel, stenosis, oft...

The overwhelming majority of primary lung malignancies are secondary to smoke inhalation and occur in the older adult population in the presence of symptoms that are usually suspicious for an underlying malignancy. A chest radiograph is the initial imaging modality of choice to diagnose a lung cancer. However, a small percentage of lung cancer occurs despite a lack of smoking history whatsoever...

The placenta is a key organ for pregnancy evolution and fetal growth. Placental anatomic abnormalities may affect the placental functions, interfering in turn with maternal and or fetal wellbeing. This chapter describes the placental development, the macroscopic aspect and the histological characteristics through the gestation. The aim of this chapter is to provide updated information to help c...

INTRODUCTION The study objective is to evaluate critical points in the process of pre-analytical histology in an Anatomic Pathology laboratory. Errors are an integral part of human systems, including the complex system of Anatomic Pathology. Previous studies focused on errors committed in diagnosis and did not consider the issues related to the histology preparation of routine processes. METH...

In this article the author proposes an episodic theory of spoken word representation, perception, and production. By most theories, idiosyncratic aspects of speech (voice details, ambient noise, etc.) are considered noise and are filtered in perception. However, episodic theories suggest that perceptual details are stored in memory and are integral to later perception. In this research the auth...