in order to evaluate the effects of different plant densities and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and qualitative characteristics of marigold, a field experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications at the agricultural research station, azad university of torbat-e-jam, during growing season of 2008-2009. main and sub plots were four nitro...

Plant ecologists and evolutionary biologists frequently examine patterns of phenotypic variation across variable environments or genetic identities. Too often, we ignore the fact that most phenotypic traits change throughout growth and development of individual plants, and that rates of growth and development are highly variable. Plants growing in different environments are likely to grow at di...

This paper presents a method for evaluating the UV and biologically effective exposures to a plant canopy during the irradiation of soybean with supplemental levels of UV radiation in a greenhouse study. The method employs four materials as dosimeters that allow evaluation of the UV spectra. The exposures evaluated at three growth stages were less by factors of 0.44, 0.49 and 0.56 compared to t...

Phytobeneficial microbes, particularly endophytes, such as fungi and bacteria, are concomitant partners of plants throughout its developmental stages, including seed germination, root and stem growth, and fruiting. Endophytic microbes have been identified in plants that grow in a wide array of habitats; however, seed-borne endophytic microbes have not been fully explored yet. Seed-borne endophy...

Cotton plant development is usually predicted through a function of thermal time either at a daily step (Hanan and Hearn, 2003) or at a growth cycle (de Reffye et al., 1999). The GREENLAB model fits well to the architecture of some simple structured plants, e.g. pruned cotton (de Reffye et al., 1999) and maize (Guo et al., 2006). In the model, it is assumed a constant developmental rate and als...

Male sexual aggregations are a common territorial, mating-related or resource-based, behaviour observed in diverse organisms, including insects such as thrips. The influence of factors such as plant substrate, time of day, and geographic location on aggregation of thrips is uncertain, therefore we monitored the dispersion of male and female bean flower thrips (BFT), Megalurothrips sjostedti (Tr...

the present study was carried out to investigate micropropagation possibility and determine the optimal medium composition and plant growth regulators (pgrs) combinations under in vitro conditions. the cotyledon and epicotyl explants obtained from 1 month old in vitro grown seedlings were used in ms medium containing ba (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg-1) and tdz (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg-1) e...