Teucrium polium, a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Labiatae is widely used in folk medicine as antidiabetic, antibactrial and anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Teucrium polium on the mouse polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The animals were divided into five groups including four test and one control group, which orally received 50 and 100 mg/kg of aqueou...

Despite the completion of the Arabidopsis genome sequence, for only a relatively low percentage of the encoded proteins experimental evidence concerning their function is available. Plant proteins that harbour a single PLAT (Polycystin, Lipoxygenase, Alpha-toxin and Triacylglycerol lipase) domain and belong to the PLAT-plant-stress protein family are ubiquitously present in monocot and dicots. ...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are mainly thought to facilitate phosphorus uptake in plants, but they can also perform several other functions that are equally beneficial. Our recent study sheds light on the factors determining one such function, enhanced plant protection from root pathogens. Root infection by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum was determined by both plant susceptibility...

Land plant chloroplasts evolved from those found in the green algae. During land plant evolution, nuclear regulatory mechanisms have been modified to produce morphologically and functionally diverse chloroplasts in distinct developmental contexts. At least some of these mechanisms evolved independently in different plant lineages. In angiosperms, GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors regulat...

Teucrium polium, a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Labiatae is widely used in folk medicine as antidiabetic, antibactrial and anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Teucrium polium on the mouse polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The animals were divided into five groups including four test and one control group, which orally received 50 and 100 mg/kg of aqueou...

Since 2002, plant biologists have begun to apply mass spectrometry to the comprehensive analysis of complex lipids. Such lipidomic analyses have been used to uncover roles for lipids in plant response to stresses and to identify in vivo functions of genes involved in lipid metabolism.

The evolution of new genes to make novel secondary compounds in plants is an ongoing process and might account for most of the differences in gene function among plant genomes. Although there are many substrates and products in plant secondary metabolism, there are only a few types of reactions. Repeated evolution is a special form of convergent evolution in which new enzymes with the same func...

This paper describes learning rules using simultaneous perturbation for a neurocontroller that controls an unknown plant. When we apply a direct control scheme by a neural network, the neural network must learn an inverse system of the unknown plant. In this case, we must know the sensitivity function of the plant using a kind of the gradient method as a learning rule of the neural network. On ...

A few of the well established methods of adaptive signal processing are modified and extended for application to adaptive control. An unknown plant will track an input command signal if the plant is preceded by a controller whose transfer function approximates the inverse of the plant transfer function. An adaptive inverse modeling process can be used to obtain a stable controller, whether the ...