The European Space Agency’s Planck satellite, dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched 14 May 2009 and has been scanning the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously since 12 August 2009. In March 2013, ESA and the Planck Collaboration released the initial cosmology products based on the first 15.5 months of Planck data, along with a set of scienti...

In the Planck aether substratum model it is assumed that space is densely filled with both positive and negative Planck masses described by a nonlinear nonrelativistic operator field equation. Without expenditure of energy this substratum can form a lattice of vortex rings, with the vortex core radius equal the Planck length. The vortex ring radius is determined by a universal minimum energy qu...

We investigate the evolution of globular clusters using N -body calculations and anisotropic Fokker-Planck calculations. The models include a mass spectrum, mass loss due to stellar evolution, and the tidal field of the parent galaxy. Recent N -body calculations have revealed a serious discrepancy between the results of N -body calculations and isotropic Fokker-Planck calculations. The main rea...

Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Departmen...

It is considered gravitational interaction within the framework of the Newton theory and the quantum field theory. It is introduced the Planck neutrino νP l. Gravitational interaction of the fields ψψ includes short-range interaction ψνP l and long-range interaction νP lνP l. Gravitational radiation can be identified with the Planck neutrino. The theory predicts the decay of proton into Planck ...

The minimal sub-Planckian axion inflation model accounts for a large scalar-totensor ratio via a spiralling trajectory in the field space of a complex field Φ. Here we consider how the predictions of the model are modified by Planck scale-suppressed corrections. In the absence of Planck corrections the model is equivalent to a φ4/3 chaotic inflation model. Planck corrections become important wh...

4-branes that wrap the long and short fundamental 1-cycles of a rectangular toroidal orbifold T 2 /(Z2) 3 , which has Planck-scale compactification radii, intersect after 43 and 109 wrappings, respectively, in a 3-brane upon which the scale factor, equal to a power of the inverse of compactification length, has precisely the same value when measured parallel to either of the fundamental 1-cycle...

We present a two-sorted algebra, called a Peirce algebra, of relations and sets interacting with each other. In a Peirce algebra, sets can combine with each other as in a Boolean algebra, relations can combine with each other as in a relation algebra, and in addition we have both a relationforming operator on sets (the Peirce product of Boolean modules) and a set-forming operator on relations (...